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CCAC Pharmacology > Week 2 Drug Quiz Cards > Flashcards

Week 2 Drug Quiz Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen Class

A

Nonopioid Analgesic,

Antipyretic

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2
Q

Acetaminophen MOA

A

Exact Unknown,

May work peripherally to block pain impulse generation and inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in CNS

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3
Q

Acetaminophen Indications

A

Pain control, fever control.

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4
Q

Acetaminophen Contraindications

A

Known hypersensitivity,

severe active liver disease.

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5
Q

Acetaminophen Adverse reactions/side effects

A

Nausea,

upper abdominal pain,

skin rash,

itching,

loss of appetite;

overdose can cause
hepatotoxicity.

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6
Q

Acetaminophen Dosage and administration Adult?

A

Give 15 mg/kg orally; maximum dose is 1 g.

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7
Q

Acetaminophen Dosage and administration Pediatric:

A

Febrile seizures:
Give 15 mg/kg; maximum dose is 650 mg;
PR/IV/IO (if unable to swallow) or orally if able to swallow.

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8
Q

Acetaminophen Duration of action

A

Onset: 10 to 30 minutes.

Peak effect: 30 to 60 minutes.

Duration: 4 to 6 hours.

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9
Q

Amiodarone Brand Name

A

(Cordarone, Pacerone)

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10
Q

Amiodarone Class

A

Antidysrhythmic (Class III).

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11
Q

Amiodarone Mechanism of action

A

Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels;

prolongs the action potential’s duration and delays repolarization;

decreases AV conduction and sinoatrial (SA) node function.

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12
Q

Amiodarone Indications

A

a. Cardiac arrest resulting from VF or pulseless VT after CPR, defibrillation, and epinephrine
b. Stable, regular narrow-complex tachycardia if the rhythm persists despite vagal maneuvers or adenosine or the tachycardia is recurrent
c. To control the ventricular rate in AF with a rapid ventricular response without preexcitation
d. Stable wide-complex tachycardia
e. Stable monomorphic VT
f. Polymorphic VT with a normal QT interval

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13
Q

Amiodarone Contraindications

A

.a. Known hypersensitivity
b. Iodine hypersensitivity
c. Cardiogenic shock
d. Second- or third-degree AV block
e. Sick sinus syndrome

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14
Q

Amiodarone Adverse reactions/side effects

A

a. Hypotension
b. Heart failure
c. Worsening of dysrhythmias
d. Prolonged QT interval
e. Bradycardia
f. AV block
g. Dizziness
h. Fatigue
i. Cough
j. Progressive dyspnea
k. Nausea/vomiting
l. Burning at the IV site
m. Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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15
Q

Amiodarone Dosage and administration Adult

A

a. Adult
i. Initial dose 300 mg IV/IO push
ii. Second dose 150 mg IV/IO push
iii. Loading dose 150 mg IV/IO over 10 minutes
iv. Maximum cumulative dose: 2.2 g IV/IO per 24 hours

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16
Q

Amiodarone Dosage and administration Pediatric:

A

i. 5 mg/kg IV/IO bolus

ii. Maximum dose: 15 mg/kg IV per 24 hours

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17
Q

Amiodarone Duration of action

A

Onset: 2 hours. Peak effect: 3 to 7 hours. Duration: Variable.

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18
Q

Aspirin Brand Name AKA

A

Acetylsalicylic Acid or ASA

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19
Q

Aspirin Class

A

Platelet inhibitor, NSAID, anti-inflammatory agent

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19
Q

Aspirin Mechanism of action

A

Prevents thromboxane A2 formation; antipyretic and analgesic properties

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20
Q

Aspirin Indications:

A

New-onset chest discomfort suggestive of ACS

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21
Q

Aspirin Adverse/side effects:

A

a. Anaphylaxis
b. Bronchospasm/wheezing in allergic patients
c. GI bleeding
d. Epigastric distress
e. Nausea
f. Vomiting
g. Heartburn
h. Reye syndrome

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21
Q

Aspirin Contraindications:

A

a. Hypersensitivity to ASA or NSAIDs
b. Bleeding disorders
c. Hemolytic anemia
d. Lactating mothers

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22
Q

Aspirin Dosage and administration Adult

A

Adult: 162–325mg orally

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23
Q

Aspirin Dosage and administration PEDS

A

Pediatric: Not recommended

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24
Q

Levalbuterol Brand

A

(Xopenex)

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24
Q

Aspirin Duration of action

A

Onset: 15–30 min

Peak effect: 1–2 hours

Duration: 4–6 hours

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25
Q

Levalbuterol Class

A

a. Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist

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26
Q

Levalbuterol MOA

A

Stimulates beta-2 receptors

27
Q

Levalbuterol Indications

A

a. Treatment of acute bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease (COPD/asthma)

b. Bronchospasm prophylaxis in patients with asthma

28
Q

Levalbuterol Contraindications

A

a. Known hypersensitivity to the drug, other sympathomimetics, or peanuts
b. MAOI use within 14 days
c. Angioedema, tachydysrhythmias, and severe cardiac disease
d. Avoid administration with other drugs that prolong the QT interval.
e. Use with caution in patients with cardiac dysrhythmias and cardiovascular disorders.

29
Q

Levalbuterol Adverse reactions/side effects

A

a. Headache, anxiety, dizziness, restlessness
b. Hallucinations
c. Throat irritation
d. Tachycardia
e. Hypertension/hypotension
f. Dysrhythmias
g. Angina
h. Nausea/vomiting
i. Dyspepsia
j. Tremors
k. Hypokalemia
l. Hyperglycemia

30
Q

Levalbuterol Dosage and administration Adult

A

1.25 mg in 3 mL NS administered by nebulizer over 5 to 15 minutes and repeated as necessary

31
Q

Levalbuterol Dosage and administration Peds

A

0.63 to 1.25 mg in 3 mL NS administered by nebulizer over 5 to 15 and repeated as necessary

32
Q

Levalbuterol Duration of action

A

a. Onset 5 to 15 minutes

b. Peak effect 60 to 90 minutes

c. Duration 6 to 8 hours

33
Q

Norepinephrine AKA

A

Levophed, Levarterenol

34
Q

Norepinephrine Class

A

Sympathomimetic, vasopressor

35
Q

Norepinephrine Mechanism of action

A

a. Produces constriction of resistance and capacitance vessels
b. Increases systemic BP and coronary artery blood flow
c. Acts on beta-1 receptors
d. In lower doses, the cardiac-stimulant effect predominates
e. In larger doses, the vasoconstrictor effect predominates

36
Q

Norepinephrine Contraindications

A

a. Known hypersensitivity
b. Hypotension caused by hypovolemia
c. Pregnancy (relative)

37
Q

Norepinephrine Indications

A

a. First-line vasopressor in neurogenic shock
b. Hypotension unresponsive to IV/IO fluid resuscitation

38
Q

Norepinephrine Adverse reactions/side effects

A

a. Headache
b. Anxiety, dizziness, restlessness, dyspnea
c. Hypertension, dysrhythmias, chest pain, peripheral cyanosis, cardiac arrest
d. Nausea/vomiting
e. Urinary retention, renal failure
f. Tissues necrosis from extravasation
g. Decreased blood flow to the GI tract, kidneys, skeletal muscle, and skin

39
Q

Norepinephrine Dosage and administration Adult

A

Adult
i. 0.1 to 0.5 mcg/kg/min IV/IO infusion titrated to effect

40
Q

Norepinephrine Dosage and administration Ped

A

Pediatric
i. Begin at 0.05 to 0.1 mcg/kg/min IV infusion.
ii. Adjust rate to achieve desired change in BP and systemic perfusion.
iii. Maximum infusion rate: 2 mcg/kg/min

41
Q

Norepinephrine Duration of action

A

a. Onset
Immediate

b. Peak effect
Less than 1 minute

c. Duration
1 to 2 minutes

42
Q

Olanzapine Brand

A

Zyprexa

43
Q

Olanzapine Class

A

Second-generation antipsychotic, antimanic agent

44
Q

Olanzapine Mechanism of action

A

a. Exact mechanism has not been determined.
b. May act through a combination of dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptor site antagonism

45
Q

Olanzapine Indications

A

a. Agitated or violent patients experiencing a behavioral emergency
b. Chemical restraint

46
Q

Olanzapine Contraindications

A

a. Documented hypersensitivity
b. Use with caution in patients who:
i. Have dehydration or heat exposure
ii. Are taking medications with anticholinergic effects
c. Impaired core body temperature regulation may occur.
d. Use with caution in patients with a history of seizures or urinary retention.

47
Q

Olanzapine Adverse reactions/side effects

A

a. Drowsiness
b. Dry mouth
c. Difficulty speaking
d. Slurred speech
e. Unsteady gait
f. Headache
g. Depression
h. Insomnia
i. Extrapyramidal symptoms (dose-dependent)

48
Q

Olanzapine Dosage Adult

A

Chemical restraint: 10 mg IM

49
Q

Olanzapine Dosage PED

A

Limited data are available for pediatric use.

Chemical restraint: Ages 6 to 11 years: 5 mg IM; Ages 12 to 18 years: 10 mg IM

50
Q

Olanzapine Duration of action

A

a. Onset 15 to 30 minutes IM

b. Peak effect 15 to 45 minutes IM

c. Duration Variable

51
Q

Osmitrol Brand Name

A

Mannitol

52
Q

Osmitrol Class

A

Osmotic diuretic

53
Q

Osmitrol Mechanism of action

A

a. Promotes the movement of fluid from the intracellular space to the extracellular space

b. Decreases cerebral edema and ICP

c. Promotes urinary excretion of toxins

54
Q

Osmitrol Indications

A

a. Reduction of ICP in managing neurologic emergencies

b. Promotes diuresis for excretion of toxic substances and metabolites

55
Q

Osmitrol Contraindications

A

a. Known hypersensitivity, hypotension, pulmonary edema
b. Severe pulmonary congestion
c. Electrolyte abnormalities
d. Severe dehydration
e. Intracranial bleeding
f. Heart failure
g. Use with caution in patients with impaired renal function (fluid overload can result).

56
Q

Osmitrol Adverse reactions/side effects

A

a. Headache, confusion, blurred vision
b. Tachycardia
c. Chest pain
d. Heart failure
e. Hypotension/hypertension
f. Hypokalemia/hyperkalemia
g. Hyponatremia/hypernatremia
h. Nausea/vomiting
i. Masking or worsening dehydration
j. Rebound increases in ICE.
k. Injection site reaction

57
Q

Osmitrol Dosage Adult

A

i. Give 0.5 to 1 g/kg IV infusion over 5 to 10 minutes through an in-line filter.

ii. Additional doses of 0.25 to 2 g/kg can be given every 4 to 6 hours as needed.

58
Q

Osmitrol Dosage Peds

A

i. Consult medical direction.

59
Q

Osmitrol Duration of action

A

a. Onset
i. 1 to 3 hours for diuretic effect
ii. 15 minutes for reduction of ICP
b. Peak effect
i. Variable
c. Duration
i. 4 to 6 hours for diuretic effect
ii. 3 to 8 hours for reduction of ICP

60
Q

Atropine Class

A

Anticholinergic agent

61
Q

Atropine Mechanism of action

A

: Inhibits acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites;

increases heart rate;

reverses muscarinic effects

62
Q

Atropine Indications:

A

a. Hemodynamically unstable bradycardia
b. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
c. RSI in pediatrics
d. Beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose

63
Q

Atropine Contraindications:

A

a. Known hypersensitivity
b. Narrow-angle glaucoma
c. GI obstruction
d. Severe ulcerative colitis
e. Toxic megacolon
f. Bladder outlet obstruction
g. Myasthenia gravis
h. Hemorrhage with cardiovascular instability
i. Thyrotoxicosis

64
Q

Atropine Adverse/side effects

A

a. Drowsiness
b. Confusion
c. Headache
d. Palpitations
e. Dysrhythmias
f. Nausea
g. Vomiting
h. Pupil dilation
i. Dry mouth/nose/skin
j. Blurred vision
k. Urinary retention
l. Constipation
m. Flushed, hot, dry skin

65
Q

Atropine Dosage and administration Adult

A

Symptomatic bradycardia: 0.5 to 1 mg IV/IO every 5 to 5 minutes (maximum of 3 mg)

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning: Extremely large doses

66
Q

Atropine Dosage and administration PEDS

A

i. Symptomatic bradycardia: 0.02 mg/kg IV/IO

Maximum single does: 0.5 mg

Maximum total dose: 1 mg (child) and 3 mg (adolescent)

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (child younger than 12):
0.05 mg/kg initially, then repeat and double the dose every 5 minutes.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (child 12+):

1 mg IV/IO initially then repeat and double the dose every 5 minutes.

67
Q

Atropine Duration of action

A

a. Onset Immediate

b. Peak effect 2 to 4 minutes

c. Duration 2 to 4 hours

CCAC Pharmacology (12 decks)

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