Chapter 14 Medication Administration Flashcards
A sealed hub on an administration set designed to provide sterile access to the intravenous fluid.
access port
Tubing that connects to the intravenous bag access port and the catheter to deliver intravenous fluid.
administration set
Small glass containers that are sealed and whose contents are sterilized.
ampules
The anterior aspect of the elbow
antecubital
Substances that prevent blood from clotting.
Anticoagulants
Chemicals used to cleanse an area before performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an intravenous
line; they are not toxic to living tissues. Examples include chlorhexidine, isopropyl alcohol, and iodine.
antiseptics
A method of cleansing used to prevent contamination of a site from pathogens when you are performing ar
invasive procedure, such as starting an intravenous line.
aseptic technique
Pertaining to the ear.
aural
A special type of macrodrip administration set designed to facilitate rapid fluid replacement by manual
infusion of multiple intravenous bags or intravenous-blood replacement combinations.
blood tubing
“In one mass”; in medication administration, a single dose given by the intravenous or intraosseous route;
may be a small or large quantity of the drug.
bolus
A spring-loaded device that is used for inserting an intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia in adult and
pediatric patients.
Bone Injection Gun (BIG)
Between the cheek and gums.
buccal
A rigid, hollow, venous cannulation device identified by its plastic “wings” that act as anchoring points for
securing the catheter
butterfly catheter
The insertion of a catheter into a body cavity, duct, or vessel to allow for fluid flow.
cannulation
An event in which a needle is reinserted into the catheter and slices through the catheter, creating a free-
floating segment.
catheter shear
A scale for measuring temperature, where water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.
Celsius scale
Solutions that contain molecules (usually proteins) that are too large to pass out of the capillary membranes
and, therefore, remain in the vascular compartment.
colloid solutions
The total weight of a drug contained in a specific volume of liquid.
concentration
The puncturing of an emergency care provider’s skin with a needle or catheter that was used on a patient.
contaminated stick
Solutions of dissolved crystals (eg, salts or sugars) in water; contain compounds that quickly dissociate in
solution.
crystalloid solutions
An intravenous solution made up of 5% dextrose in water.
D5W
Depletion of the body’s systemic fluid volume.
dehydration
The amount of a drug that the physician orders for a patient; the drug order.
desired dose
The shaft of a long bone.
diaphysis
A solution (usually water or normal saline) used for diluting a medication.
diluent
Chemicals used on nonliving objects to kill organisms; they are toxic to living tissues.
disinfectants
Gentle downward or lateral traction on the skin.
distal traction
The area of the administration set where fluid accumulates so that the tubing remains filled with fluid.
drip chamber
Injecting sterile water or saline from one vial into another vial containing a powdered form of the drug.
drug reconstitution
A fluid solution, possibly containing supplemental medications, that can be administered rectally to aid in a
variety of gastrointestinal complications.
enema
Medication administration that involves the medication passing through a portion of the gastrointestinal
tract.
enteral medications
The growth plate of a long bone; a major site of bone development during childhood; also called the physis.
epiphyseal plate
The ends of a long bone.
epiphyses
Large neck vein that is lateral to the carotid artery.
external jugular vein (E)
A handheld, battery-powered driver to which a special intraosseous needle is attached; used for insertion of
the intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia of children and adults.
EZ-IO
A scale for measuring temperature, where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°.
Fahrenheit scale
First Access for Shock and Trauma devices; manual sternal intraosseous devices used in patients age 12
years and older; include an infusion tube, subcutaneous portal, an introducer, a target/strain relief patch,
and a protective dome.
FAST devices
The area of an intravenous catheter that fills with blood to help indicate when a vein is cannulated.
flash chamber
A tube that is inserted into the stomach to decompress the stomach; can also be used to administer certain
enteral medications.
gastric tube
The internal diameter of an intravenous catheter or needle.
gauge
A unit of measure that indicates drops.
gtt
The body’s natural blood-clotting mechanism. It involves the steps of blood vessel spasm, platelet plug
formation, and blood clotting.
hemostasis
A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin; it indicates bleeding into soft tissues and may be the
result of a minor or a severe injury.
hematoma
Devices that are implanted in surgery, sutured under the skin, for the purpose of long-term medication
administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, blood product administration, and venous blood
sampling; an arteriovenous fistula is an example.
implanted vascular access devices
A solution that has a lower concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure lets
water flow into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.
hypotonic solution
A solution that has a greater concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure can
draw out water from the cell and cause it to collapse.
hypertonic solution
The escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue; the result of vein perforation during intravenous cannulation.
infiltration
A mechanical device that infuses a precise intravenous volume programmed by the clinician.
infusion pump
The active process of moving air into the lungs; also called inspiration; also a route of medication delivery.
inhalation
The layer of the dermis, just beneath the epidermis; a medication delivery route.
intradermal
Into a muscle; a medication delivery route.
intramuscular (IM)
Within the nose.
intranasal
Within the bone.
intraosseous (10)
A technique of administering fluids, blood and blood products, and medications into the intraosseous space
of a long bone, usually the proximal tibia.
intraosseous infusion
The spongy cancellous bone of the epiphyses and the medullary cavity of the diaphysis, collectively.
intraosseous space
Within a vein.
intravenous (IV)
Cannulation of a vein with an intravenous catheter to access the patient’s vascular system.
intravenous therapy
The amount of charged particles found in a particular area.
ionic concentration
An intravenous solution that does not cause a fluid shift into or out of the cell; examples include normal
saline and lactated Ringer solution.
isotonic crystalloid solution
A solution containing an equal concentration of solutes and water on either side of a semipermeable
membrane. In this case, water does not shift across the membrane, and no change in cell shape occurs.
isotonic solution
A sterile, isotonic, crystalloid solution containing specified amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride,
sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water.
lactated Ringer solution (LR)
Intravenous administration sets named for the large orifice between the piercing spike and the drip
chamber; they allow for rapid fluid flow into the vascular system; the maximum flow rate is 10 or 15 gtt/mL,
depending on the manufacturer.
macrodrip sets
The practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique.
medical asepsis
A pressurized canister that delivers a specific dose of a medication; commonly used for beta agonist
bronchodilators.
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
A measurement system based on multiples of 10 (ie, a decimal system) that is used for the measurement of
length, weight, and volume.
metric system
Intravenous administration sets named for the small needlelike orifice between the piercing spike and the
drip chamber; they allow for carefully controlled fluid flow and are ideally suited for medication
administration; the maximum flow rate is 60 gtt/mL.
microdrip sets
A single vial divided into two compartments by a rubber stopper; methylprednisolone sodium succinate
(Solu-Medrol) is stored this way.
Mix-o-Vial
A device that attaches to the end of a syringe that is used to spray (atomize) certain medications via the
intranasal route.
mucosal atomizer device (MAD)
A device for producing a fine spray or mist that is used to deliver inhaled medications.
nebulizer
A spring-loaded device that contains neither a drill nor a battery; used for inserting an intraosseous needle
into the proximal tibia of an adult patient.
New Intraosseous device (NIO)
Devices that have been inserted by direct venipuncture through the skin directly into a selected vein, for the
purpose of long-term medication administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and venous blood
sampling; peripheral inserted central catheters and central venous catheters are examples.
anticoagulants
A solution of 0.9% sodium chloride; an isotonic crystalloid.
normal saline
Pertaining to the eye.
ocular
The ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
osmolarity
A congenital bone disease that results in fragile bones.
osteogenesis imperfecta
Inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by infection.
osteomyelitis
An increase in the body’s systemic fluid volume.
overhydration
A Teflon (plastic) catheter inserted over a hollow needle.
over-the-needle catheter
A route of medication administration that involves any route other than the gastrointestinal tract.
parenteral route
A type of surgical drain often used as a constricting band.
Penrose drain
Through the skin or mucous membrane.
percutaneous
A technique in which a cannula (tube) is inserted into veins of the peripheral areas-that is, veins that can
be seen and/or palpated. Examples of peripheral veins include those of the hand, arm, and lower extremity
and the external jugular vein.
peripheral vein cannulation
The hard, sharpened plastic spike on the end of the administration set designed to pierce the sterile
membrane of the intravenous bag.
piercing spike
Medication syringes that are prepackaged and prepared with a specific concentration.
prefilled syringes
A sleeve that is placed around the intravenous bag and inflated to force fluid to flow from the intravenous
bag and into the tubing.
pressure infuser device
Obstruction in one or more pulmonary arteries by a solid, liquid, or gas that has swept through the right side
of the heart into the lungs.
pulmonary embolism
A reaction characterized by an abrupt temperature elevation (as high as 106°F [41°C]) with severe chills,
backache, headache, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; a potential complication of intravenous or
intraosseous therapy.
pyrogenic reaction
Special types of intravenous devices that eliminate the need to hang a bag of intravenous fluid; also called a
buff cap or INT (intermittent); commonly used for patients who do not require fluid boluses but may require
medication therapy
saline locks
Any contaminated item that can cause injury; includes intravenous needles and catheters, broken ampules
or vials, or anything else that can penetrate or lacerate the skin.
sharps
Devoid of all living organisms; achieved by using heat, gas, or chemicals.
sterile
Into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.
subcutaneous
Under the tongue; a medication delivery route.
sublingual
A drug mixed in a firm base that melts at body temperature and is shaped to fit the rectum.
suppository
Reactions that affect systems of the body.
systemic complications
The shift of fluid into the tissues causing edema
third spacing
Inflammation of a vein related to a thrombus (blood clot).
thrombophlebitis
The visible scars from repeated cannulation of a vein; commonly associated with illicit drug use.
track marks
Across the skin; a medication delivery route.
transdermal
A solid boring needle.
trocar
A cylindrical device that attaches to an 18- or 20-gauge sampling needle; accommodates self-sealing blood
tubes when blood samples are being obtained.
Vacutainer
Veins on the leg that are large, twisted, and ropelike and can cause pain, swelling, or itching.
varicose veins
The development of a stationary blood clot in the venous circulation.
venous thrombosis
Small glass or plastic bottles that contain medication; may contain single or multiple doses.
vials
The amount of fluid you have on hand, such as the amount of fluid in an intravenous bag or the amount of
fluid in a vial of medication.
volume on hand
A special type of microdrip set that features a 100- or 200-mL calibrated drip chamber; used for fluid
regulation in patients susceptible to circulatory overload, such as pediatric and older patients; also called a
Buretrol.
Volutrol
