Week 2- Definitions MH

Question 1

Mood vs Affect

Answer 1

Mood = sustained emotional experience over a period of time

Affect= Emotion state prevalling at a given moment

Question 2

Circumstantial thinking (MSE Thought)

Answer 2

Over-inclusive speech- many unnecessary & trivial details/ diversions. Thinking is organised. Patient eventually reaches final goal

Question 3

Tangentiality (MSE Thought)

Answer 3

Patient diverts from initial train of thought & never returns to initial points. Answers very indirectly relate to question

Question 4

Flight of ideas (MSE Thought)

Answer 4

Rapid flow of thought & speech. Connections between topics intact but may be obscure

Question 5

Loosening of association (MSE Thought)

Answer 5

Loss of connection between thoughts. Disorganised thinking

Question 6

Word salad (MSE Thought)

Answer 6

Jumbled & incomprehensible speech. Loss of connections within sentences. Indicated severe loosening of associations & disorganised thinking

Question 7

Neologisms (MSE Thought)

Answer 7

Words created by patient w/ own idiosyncratic meaning

Question 8

Delusions (content)

Answer 8

a false and firmly held beliefthat is out of keeping with the patient’s educational, cultural and social background. Unshakable and cannot be altered by rational argument

Question 9

Primary delusions (content)

Answer 9

‘out of the blue’ and cannot be understood. Characteristic of schizophrenia & other primary psychotic disorders

Question 10

Secondary delusions (content)

Answer 10

due to pre-existing psychopathological state (usually mood disorder) and understandable in context of psych hx

Question 11

Content: Persecutory

Answer 11

false belief that they are being harmed, threatened, victim of conspiracy

Question 12

Content: Grandiose

Answer 12

false belief that one is exceptionally powerful, important, talented

Question 13

Content: Nihilistic

Answer 13

false belief that one is dead/ no longer exists OR others or the world are non-existent/ about to end

Question 14

What is reference?

Answer 14

Certain objects, people, events have personal significance

Question 15

What is perception?

Answer 15

Primary delusion arising out of a real perception

Question 16

What is control/ passivity phenomenon

Answer 16

feelings, impulses, actions or bodily sensations controlled by external agency

Question 17

Thought insertion

Answer 17

thoughts are being implanted into head by external agency

Question 18

Thought withdrawal

Answer 18

thoughts are being extracted from head by external agency

Question 19

Thought broadcast

Answer 19

their thoughts are being broadcast- everyone knows what they are thinking

Question 20

What are overvalued ideas?

Answer 20

non-delusional, non-obsessional belief that preoccupies the patient and dominates their thinking. Plausible belief arrived at logically but held with undue importance and causes distress to patient/ those around them. No major abnormality in reasoning. Not viewed as abnormal by the patient.

Question 21

What are obsessive thoughts?

Answer 21

recurrent, intrusive unpleasant thought. Patient knows that thought makes no sense and struggles to resist it

Question 22

What are hallucinations (MHE perceptions)

Answer 22

Sensory perception in absence of external stimulus- patient believes is a real perception

Question 23

Pseudo-hallucinations (MHE perceptions)

Answer 23

Doesn’t have same sense of reality as hallucinations. Occurs as part of one’s subjective internal experience not from the external world. Not under conscious control. Patients may be aware that they are not real

Question 24

Illusion (MHE Perceptions)

Answer 24

Misinterpretation of an external stimulus

Question 25

Elemental Hallucinations (Auditory Hallucinations)

Answer 25

Simple, unstructured sounds. Commonly associated with organic disorder

Question 26

First person auditory hallucinations

Answer 26

Hears their own thoughts spoken aloud.

Question 27

Thought echo (first person auditory hallucinations)

Answer 27

patient hears their own thoughts spoken echoed by a voice. Most often occurs in schizophrenia

Question 28

Second person auditory hallucinations

Answer 28

Patient hears a voice or voices are speaking directly to patient. Often associated with mood disorders thus mood-congruent.

Question 29

Command hallucinations (2nd person auditory hallucinations)

Answer 29

Voice is telling the patient to do something. May also occur in schizophrenia.

Question 30

Third Person auditory hallucinations

Answer 30

patient hears a voice or voices talking about them and referring to them in third person.

Question 31

Running commentary (3rd person auditory hallucinations)

Answer 31

On what the patient is doing/ thinking. Commonly associated with schizophrenia.