Week 2, Ch 8 Flashcards
Drug administration throughout the lifespan.
A woman’s drug therapy is postponed due to her pregnancy. What are some medical conditions that would cause the drug-therapy to be reapplied to the woman in spite of the pregnancy?
-Epilepsy
-Hypertension/ Gestational hypertension
-Gestational Diabetes
-Infections
What are some physiological changes undergone during pregnancy that affect the distribution and metabolism of a drug?
Changes in cardiac output, plasma volume, and regional blood flow change
Changes in cardiac output, plasma volume, and regional blood flow change during a pregnancy affect what aspects of a drug?
Its distribution and metabolism
Which Teratogenic category is this:
Studies are performed with pregnant women, and no increased risk of fetal abnormalities are shown.
Category A
Which Teratogenic category is this:
Animal studies have shown a risk to fetus, and no studies done with pregnant women.
-or-
No animal studies conducted and no adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Category C
Which Teratogenic Category is this:
Studies in animals have shown no risk to fetus, but no studies done with pregnant women.
-or-
Animal studies show adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to show risk.
Category B
Which Teratogenic Category is this:
Studies done with animals or pregnant women and fetal abnormalities are shown. Drug contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant.
Category X
Which Teratogenic Category is this:
Risk to fetus shown. If benefits outweigh risk, may be acceptable.
Category D
Prenatal multivitamins, insulin, thyroxine, and folic acid would fall in to what Teratogenic category?
Category A
Penicillin’s, cephalosporins, azithromycin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen in the first and second trimesters would fall into what Teratogenic category?
Category B
Clomiphene, fluorouracil, isotretinoin, leuprolide, menotropins, methotrexate, misoprostol, oral contraceptives, raloxifene, ribavirin, statins, temazepam, testosterone and thalidomide, and warfarin would all fall into what Teratogenic category?
Category X
Alcohol, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (A R Bs), cyclophosphamide, lithium carbonate, mitomycin, nicotine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (N S A I Ds) in the
third trimester, phenytoin, and streptomycin would fall into what Teratogenic category?
Category D
Antimicrobials such as clarithromycin, fluoroquinolones, and Bactrim; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); corticosteroids, and most antihypertensives would fall into what Teratogenic category?
Category C
If a lactating mother has to take her medication, when would be the best time to administer?
After Breastfeeding
True or False:
Drugs with a longer half-life are best for pregnant women.
False:
Drugs with shorter half-life’s are best.
Why are drugs with longer half-lives not preferred?
Longer half-life drugs stay in the system longer and may get to the baby.
What kind of easily accessible medications should a pregnant mother avoid?
OTC herbal medications and dietary supplements.
What patients would benefit from a drug with a high protein-binding ability?
Pregnant patients
What are some illnesses that require drug-therapy in late middle-aged adults?
-Cardiovascular disease
-Hypertension
-Obesity
-Arthritis
-Cancer
-Anxiety
What are some reasons that the absorption of drugs is slowed in older adults?
-Decrease GI motility
-Increased gastric pH
-Decreased blood flow to digestive organs
What does the Liver produce less of in older adults?
Albumin
A decreased plasma protein-binding ability, and increased levels of free drugs in the body is a result of what due to aging?
A decrease in Albumin production in the Liver.
What does a decrease in Albumin in the liver result in older patients?
Decreased plasma protein-binding ability, and increased levels of free drugs in the body.
Why is drug distribution diminished in older adults?
-Increased body fat
-Reduced plasma level
-Less body water
-Decreased cardiac function
When an older patient has decreased metabolism functioning, what does this mean for drug ingestion?
Their body has a harder time breaking down drugs and getting rid of them.
Because the First-Pass effect is reduced in older patients, because of their reduced metabolism, what does this do to a drugs half-life?
It extends the drugs half-life.
Why is excretion in older adults diminished?
The decreased functioning of the kidneys
