Week 2 - Ch 6 & 7

Question 1

Semantic Rules

Answer 1

Reflects the ways in which users of a language assign meaning to a particular linguistic symbol, usually a word.

Question 2

Equivocal Language

Answer 2

Ambiguous statements with more than one meaning.

Question 3

Relative Words

Answer 3

Gain their meaning by comparison.

Question 4

Static Evaluation

Answer 4

Statements that include the word “is” lead to the mistaken assumption that people are consistent and unchanging - an incorrect belief.

Question 5

Abstract Language

Answer 5

Is vague in nature

Question 6

Behavioral language

Answer 6

refers to specific things people say or do.

Question 7

abstraction ladder

Answer 7

illustrates how the same phenomenon can be described at various levels of specificity and abstraction.

Question 8

Syntactic Rules

Answer 8

govern the grammar of a language.

Question 9

pragmatic rules

Answer 9

decides how to interpret messages in a given context

Question 10

convergence

Answer 10

the process of adapting one’s speech style to match that of others.

Question 11

divergence

Answer 11

speaking in a way that emphasizes their differences from others.

Question 12

powerless speech mannerisms

Answer 12

Hedges, hesitations, intensifiers, polite forms, tag questions, disclaimers, rising inflections.

Question 13

politeness

Answer 13

communicating in ways that save face for both senders and receivers.

Question 14

emotive language

Answer 14

Seems to describe something but actually announces the speaker’s attitude toward it.

Question 15

“it” statements

Answer 15

replace the personal pronoun “I” with the less immediate word “it”

Question 16

“I” Language

Answer 16

clearly identifies the speaker as the source of the message.

Question 17

“but” statements

Answer 17

the word “but” cancels the word that precedes it.

Question 18

“you” language

Answer 18

expresses a judgement of the other person

Question 19

“we” language

Answer 19

implies that the issue is the concern and responsibility of both the speaker and the receiver of a message

Question 20

low-context cultures

Answer 20

generally value using language to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as directly as possible.

Question 21

high-context cultures

Answer 21

value language to maintain social harmony.

Question 22

linguistic relativity

Answer 22

the worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak

Question 23

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 23

observed that the language spoken by Hopi native Americans represents a view of reality that is dramatically different from that of more familiar tongues.

Question 24

Nonverbal Communication

Answer 24

Messages expressed by nonlinguistic means

Question 25

Complementing

Answer 25

match the thoughts and emotions the communicator is expressing linguistically.

Question 26

Substituting

Answer 26

nonverbal behavior that takes the place of a verbal message

Question 27

accenting

Answer 27

nonverbal behaviors that emphasize part of a verbal message

Question 28

adaptors

Answer 28

unconscious bodily movements in response to the environment.

Question 29

body orientation

Answer 29

a type of nonverbal communication characterized by the degree to which we face forward or away from someone.

Question 30

chronemics

Answer 30

the study of how humans use and structure time.

Question 31

contradicting

Answer 31

nonverbal behavior that is inconsistent with a verbal message

Question 32

emblems

Answer 32

deliberate nonverbal behaviors with precise meanings that are known to virtually all members of a cultural group

Question 33

gestures

Answer 33

motions of the body, usually hands or arms, that have communicative value.

Question 34

haptics

Answer 34

the study of touching

Question 35

illustrators

Answer 35

nonverbal behaviors that accompany and support verbal messages.

Question 36

intimate distance

Answer 36

one of Hall's four distance zones, ranging from skin contact to 18 inches.

Question 37

kinesics

Answer 37

the study of body position and motion

Question 38

leakage

Answer 38

nonverbal behaviors that reveal information a communicator does not disclose verbally.

Question 39

manipulators

Answer 39

a type of nonverbal adaptor involving self-touching behaviors.

Question 40

microexpression

Answer 40

a brief facial expression

Question 41

mixed message

Answer 41

situation in which a person's words are incongruent with his or her nonverbal behavior.

Question 42

monochronic

Answer 42

behavior emphasizing punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time.

Question 43

paralanguage

Answer 43

nonlinguistic means of vocal expression: pitch, rate, tone, and so on.

Question 44

personal distance

Answer 44

One of Hall's four distance zones, ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet.

Question 45

polychronic

Answer 45

an approach to the use of time that emphasizes flexibility and pursuing multiple tasks.

Question 46

posture

Answer 46

the way which individuals carry themselves - erect, slumping, and so on.

Question 47

proxemics

Answer 47

the study of how people use interpersonal space and distance

Question 48

public distance

Answer 48

One of Hall's four distance zones, extending outward from 12 feet.

Question 49

regulating

Answer 49

one function of nonverbal communication in which nonverbal cues control the flow of verbal communication among individuals.

Question 50

repeating

Answer 50

nonverbal behaviors that duplicate the content of a verbal message.

Question 51

social distance

Answer 51

One of Hall's four distance zones, ranging from 4 to 12 feet.

Question 52

territory

Answer 52

a stationary area claimed by an individual.