WEEK 2 - BUILDING BLOCKS Flashcards
1
Q
What are atoms?
A
- Building blocks of matter
- Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
2
Q
What are molecules?
A
- Composed of at least two atoms.
3
Q
What are the 3 particles that make up an atoms?
A
- Protons = Positively charge
- Neutrons = Uncharged
- Electrons = Negatively charge
4
Q
How does an atom get its overall electrical charge?
A
- An atom contains an even number of protons and electrons giving it an overall electrical charge
of zero.
5
Q
Describe the location of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom
A
- Protons and neutrons clustered in central region of atom known as the nucleus
- Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in a series of shells
5
Q
What makes up an atoms volume?
A
- Most of an atom’s volume is due to the rapidly moving, lightweight electrons.
5
Q
What is an atomic number of an element?
A
- Number of protons in nucleus.
- E.g. Number of protons in carbon is six, so atomic number is 6.
6
Q
State the elements of the human body?
A
- 96% of body weight composed of Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
- 4% are lesser and trace elements
7
Q
What do electrons do in the outermost shell?
A
- Determine how atoms interact with other atoms (like a bumper car)
- An atom is stable if its outermost shell is full e.g., noble gases (helium)
- However, most atoms need to chemically interact with other atoms to achieve this
8
Q
What are 3 ways atoms can become stable by?
A
- Gaining electrons = become negatively charged (anion, Cl-)
- Losing electrons = become positively charged (cation, Na+)
- Sharing electrons equally (= nonpolar molecule e.g., O2) or unequally (= polar molecule e.g., H2O, glucose)
9
Q
What are chemical bonds?
A
The chemical interactions that hold or attract atoms together.
10
Q
What are the 3 types of chemical bonds?
A
- Ionic bonds (anions attracted to cations, e.g., NaCl)
- Covalent bonds (sharing of electrons, e.g., O2)
- Hydrogen bonds (attraction of polar molecules)
