Week 2 A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell?

a) plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm
b) plasma membrane, organelles, nucleus
c) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles
d) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
e) plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles

A

d) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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2
Q

The three main components of the lipid bilayer portion of a plasma membrane are:

a) phospholipids, glycoproteins, and water.
b) proteins, cholesterol, and fatty acids.
c) cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycolipids.
d) phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids.
e) phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.

A

d) phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids.

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3
Q

What are the nonpolar parts of phospholipids?

a) phosphate-containing head groups
b) fatty acid tail groups
c) Both the head and tail groups are nonpolar.
d) Neither the head nor tail groups are nonpolar.

A

b) fatty acid tail groups

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4
Q

This type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid.

a) complement protein
b) transmembrane protein
c) peripheral protein
d) lipoprotein
e) All of these choices are correct.

A

b) transmembrane protein

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5
Q

This type of membrane protein enables cells to catalyze specific chemical reactions at the inner or outer surface of their plasma membrane.

a) receptors
b) phospholipids
c) cholesterol
d) enzymes
e) ligands

A

d) enzymes

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6
Q

This type of membrane protein anchors cells to neighboring cells and to protein filaments found outside or inside the cell.

a) transporters
b) receptors
c) ligands
d) ion channels
e) linkers

A

e) linkers

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7
Q

Plasma membranes are ________, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals do not.

a) selectively permeable
b) concentration graded
c) electrically graded
d) selectively soluble
e) electrical insulators

A

a) selectively permeable

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8
Q

Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma membrane?

a) concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane
b) mass of the diffusing chemical
c) distance that the chemical has to diffuse
d) amount of ATP available
e) temperature

A

d) amount of ATP available

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9
Q

This is a measure of a solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content.

a) filtration
b) normality
c) tonicity
d) equivalency
e) facilitation

A

c) tonicity

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10
Q

This is the transport process by which gases, like O2 and CO2, move through a membrane.

a) osmosis
b) active transport
c) secondary active transport
d) simple diffusion
e) endocytosis

A

d) simple diffusion

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11
Q

In this type of transport process, a solute (e.g. glucose) binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane. This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane.

a) osmosis
b) active transport
c) secondary active transport
d) facilitated diffusion
e) endocytosis

A

d) facilitated diffusion

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12
Q

In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients.

a) primary active transport
b) secondary active transport
c) facilitated diffusion
d) passive diffusion
e) osmosis

A

a) primary active transport

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13
Q

What transport process uses the energy stored in a Na+ or H+ concentration gradient to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients?

a) primary active transport
b) secondary active transport
c) facilitated diffusion
d) passive diffusion
e) osmosis

A

b) secondary active transport

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14
Q

Which of the following transport processes uses vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete materials into the extracellular fluid?

a) endocytosis
b) exocytosis
c) facilitated diffusion
d) osmosis
e) Both endocytosis and exocytosis

A

b) exocytosis

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15
Q

Which of the following transport process uses vesicles formed at the plasma membrane to take up extracellular substances and import them into the cell?

a) endocytosis
b) exocytosis
c) facilitated diffusion
d) osmosis
e) Both endocytosis and exocytosis.

A

a) endocytosis

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16
Q

During phagocytosis, binding of a particle to a plasma membrane receptor triggers formation of ________, which are extensions of the plasma membrane of the phagocyte that eventually surround the particle forming a phagosome.

a) podocytes
b) exterior vesicles
c) interior vesicles
d) pseudopods
e) lysosomes

A

d) pseudopods

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cytosol?

a) primarily consists of water
b) cation of electron transport chain carrier proteins
c) site of many important chemical reactions
d) often contains aggregates of triglycerides that form lipid droplets
e) contains the enzymes of glycolysis

A

b) cation of electron transport chain carrier proteins

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18
Q

Specialized structures within a cell that have a characteristic shape and perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction are called

a) organelles.
b) cytoskeletons.
c) cytoplasm.
d) cytosol.
e) nuclei.

A

a) organelles.

19
Q

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all components of a cell’s

a) cytoskeleton.
b) nucleus.
c) plasma membrane.
d) flagella.
e) ribosome.

A

a) cytoskeleton.

20
Q

This cellular organelle is comprised of a pair of centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material.

a) cytoskeleton
b) cilia
c) centrosome
d) flagella
e) peroxisomes

A

c) centrosome

21
Q

Spermatozoa is the only type of human cell that contains a ________, which is a whip-like structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte.

a) cilium
b) flagellum
c) mitochondria
d) centrosome
e) microvillus

A

b) flagellum

22
Q

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins?

a) rough endoplasmic reticulum
b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) nucleus
d) centrosome
e) Golgi complex

A

a) rough endoplasmic reticulum

23
Q

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles modifies, sorts, and packages proteins destined for other regions of the cell?

a) endoplasmic reticulum
b) Golgi complex
c) peroxisomes
d) nucleus
e) proteasome

A

b) Golgi complex

24
Q

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver?

a) peroxisomes
b) mitochondria
c) proteasome
d) ribosomes
e) lysosomes

A

a) peroxisomes

25
Q

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles can engulf a worn-out organelle, digest its chemical components, and recycle those digested components?

a) peroxisomes
b) mitochondria
c) proteasome
d) ribosomes
e) lysosomes

A

e) lysosomes

26
Q

The major function of proteasomes is to

a) perform extracellular digestion of proteins.
b) perform autophagy.
c) digest dietary proteins for use by other organelles.
d) degrade unneeded, damaged or faulty cellular proteins.
e) degrade excess ATP.

A

e) degrade excess ATP.

27
Q

The major function of mitochondria is to

a) move the cell.
b) generate ATP.
c) produce proteins.
d) oxidize organelles.
e) synthesize glycolipids.

A

b) generate ATP.

28
Q

Which of the following protects the contents of the nucleus?

a) nucleic acids
b) nuclear membrane
c) centrosome
d) cilia
e) Golgi complex

A

b) nuclear membrane

29
Q

These gene-containing structures consist of highly coiled and folded DNA along protein molecules. There are 46 of these structures in most cells in the human body.

a) histones
b) chromatids
c) chromosomes
d) centromeres
e) centrosomes

A

c) chromosomes

30
Q

This process is division of the cytoplasm.

a) mitosis
b) meiosis
c) cytokinesis
d) cytosol
e) centrioles

A

c) cytokinesis

31
Q

During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins.

a) interphase
b) prophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) telophase

A

a) interphase

32
Q

How long does the G2 phase normally last?

a) 8 to 10 hours
b) 4 to 6 hours
c) 2 to 4 hours
d) 24 hours
e) 1 to 2 days

A

b) 4 to 6 hours

33
Q

During this phase of cell division, the chromatin fibers condense and shorten into chromosomes that are visible under the microscope.

a) interphase
b) prophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) telophase

A

b) prophase

34
Q

During this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells. The cleavage furrow also begins to develop during this phase.

a) interphase
b) prophase
c) metaphase
d) anaphase
e) telophase

A

d) anaphase

35
Q

Most intravenous solutions are _________ with respect to blood cells?

a) tonicity
b) isotonic
c) hypertonic
d) osmotic
e) hypotonic

A

b) isotonic

36
Q

A patient would be infused with a _______ solution in order to ultimately relieve excess interstitial fluid in the brain.

a) tonicity
b) isotonic
c) hypertonic
d) hemolytic
e) hypotonic

A

c) hypertonic

37
Q

This organelle is responsible for synthesis of steroids, phospholipids and functions as a reservoir for Ca2+?

a) mitochondrion
b) secretory vesicle
c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) rough endoplasmic reticulum
e) lysosome

A

c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

What other organelle besides the nucleus contain DNA?

a) Golgi complex
b) lysosome
c) ribosomes
d) mitochondrion
e) centrosome

A

c) ribosomes

39
Q

This is the site of synthesis of rRNA and assembly of rRNA and proteins into ribosomal subunits.

a) nucleus
b) nucleolus
c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) rough endoplasmic reticulum
e) Golgi complex

A

b) nucleolus

40
Q

A cell lacking ribosomes will be unable to make the following compounds

a) lipids
b) nucleotides
c) proteins
d) carbohydrates
e) phospholipids

A

c) proteins

41
Q

The difference in concentration of a specific chemical, like Na+, on the inside and outside of a plasma is referred as a(n)

a) electrochemical potential.
b) membrane potential.
c) electrical gradient.
d) concentration gradient.
e) biological capacitance.

A

d) concentration gradient.

42
Q

An orderly, genetically programmed cell death is referred to as ________, while disorganized pathological cell death is referred to as ________.

a) apoptosis; synapsis
b) apoptosis; necrosis
c) necrosis; apoptosis
d) synapsis; necrosis
e) necrosis; synapsis

A

b) apoptosis; necrosis

43
Q

The human body contains approximately __________ cells, which can be classified into about __________ different cell types.

a) 1 billion; 200
b) 1 trillion; 200
c) 100 trillion; 200
d) 1 trillion; 4
e) 100 trillion; 4

A

c) 100 trillion; 200