Week 2 Flashcards
What does the vertebral column do?
Protection of spinal cord (surrounded by bone)
Support of body weight (stability)
BUT also allows for some flexibility via articulations
Label
________ organises the the overlying ectoderm.
Notochord
What is Neurulation? (Basic definition)
Essentially, neurulation is the process of forming the neural tube (that will form the brain and spinal cord).
Explain what in the damn heck is going on here. (its a pretty solid answer)
Alright so this process is known as Neurulation and it is the formation of the neural tube. This will be organised by the notochord which will induce the ectoderm to thicken causing formation of the neural plate (neuroectoderm). This rapid growth causes buckling of the neuroectoderm creating the neural groove. This groove will deepen (within the boundaries of the neural fold) to form the neural tube. The neural tube will detach from the ectoderm (that will reseal itself) and will the tube will situate itself dorsal to the notohord and medial to the paraxial mesoderm.
The notochord helps to induce cells of the somite to become regionalised. What are the 4 main regions and what will they become?
Sclerotome:
- Axial skeleton + cartilage (Vertebra, Ribcage + sternum)
Syndetome:
- Ligaments and tendons
Myotome:
- Muscles of the back and the body wall
Dermatome:
- Dermis of the skin
Label numbers 1-8
- Neural Crest
- Dorsal Medial lip
- Myotome
- Sclerotome
- Notochord
- Syndetome
- Dermomyotome
- Dorsal Ectoderm
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
Spinous Process
Superior View
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
LEFT pedicle
Superior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
Vertebral Body
Superior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
LEFT transverse process
Superior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
RIGHT lamina
Superior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
RIGHT superior articular process
Superior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
LEFT Inferior articular process
Inferior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
RIGHT Lamina
Inferior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted section and name what view the image is from. What does this protect?
Lumbar
Vertebral Arch (neural arch)
Superior
Protects the spinal cord
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from. What does this part of the vertebrae articulate with and what is the joint called?
Lumbar
LEFT Superior articular facet
Superior
Articulate with correscponding inferior articular facets of the vertebrae above.
Joint called: Zygopophysial Joint
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from. What does this part of the vertebrae articulate with and what is the joint called?
Lumbar
RIGHT inferior articulating facet
Inferior
Articulate with corresponding superior articulating facet of the vertebrae below.
Joint called: Zygopophysial Joint
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
RIGHT inferior Vertebral notch
Inferior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
RIGHT superior vertebral notch
Superior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
LEFT mamillary process
Superior
Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.
Lumbar
Vertebral foramen (in one vertebrae)
Vertebral canal (when vertebrae are grouped together)
Superior
Which vertebrae is this? Which view is it from?
Atlas/C1
Superior
Which group of vertebrae is this from. Which view is it from?
Cervical vertebrae (C3)
Superior
Which group of vertebrae is this from. Which view is it from?
Thoracic (T3)
Superior
Which group of vertebrae is this from. Which view is it from?
Thoracic (T11)
Superior
Which group of vertebrae is this from. Which view is it from?
Lumbar (L3)
Superior
Name the destined fate of the costal element of a developing vertebra for the thoracic region?
Ribs
Name the destined fate of the transverse element of a developing vertebra for the thoracic region?
The transverse process
State the type of curvature present (primary or secondary) in the following:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Cervical: Secondary
Thoracic: Primary
Lumbar: Secondary
Sacral: Primary
What is the other name for primary curves? which way do they concave? and what regions are classified as having primary curves?
Kyphosis curves
Concave anteriorly
In thoracic and Sacral regions
What is the other name for secondary curves? which way do they concave? and what regions are classified as having secondary curves?
Lordosis curves
Concave posteriorly
In Cervical and Lumbar regions
What movements are permitted in the cervical region, and what are the anatomical feature/s that restrict other movements?
Flexion and extension. However between C1 and C2 rotation is possible. Rotation is not possible for C3 to C6 because of the uncinate processes which restrict the rotational cervical movement.
Name 3 differences between a typical cervical vertebrae and C7?
- C7 has small transverse foramina
- Spinous process is not bifid like the other cervical vertebrae
- No anterior or posterior transverse tubercles (instead just a single transverse process
