Lecture 10: Abdominopelvic contents Flashcards
A
Abdominal part of esophagus
B
Fundus of stomach
C
Cardiac Part of Stomach
D
Spleen
E
Greater Curvature of Stomach
F? also what parts of this “functional tube” is this bend between?
Left colic (splenic) flexure
Sharp bend between transverse colon and descending colon
G
Greater Omentum
H (region)
Body of stomach
I (region)? what is the “section” immediately before this, following the body of the stomach?
Pyloric Canal
Pyloric Antrum
J
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
K (lobe)
Right Lobe of liver
L (lobe)
Quadrate lobe of liver
M
Round ligament of liver
N
Falciform Ligament of Liver
O
Hepatogastric Ligament
(part of lesser omentum)
P
Lesser Curvature of stomach
Q
Gallbladder
- Explain the change in epithelium as we move through structures: A to H.
- What is the formal name of this junction of abrupt change of mucosa?
- Stratified Squamous in the oesophagus (A) and then simple columnar (with mucous secreting cells) in the stomach
- Oesophago-gastric junction
What other organ does “G” attach?
Diaphragm (via gastrophrenic ligament) and Spleen (via gastrosplenic/lienal ligament)
“M” is the embryological remnant of what structure?
The umbilical vein
“N” is what remains of which mesogastria?
“N” (flaciform ligament) is remnant of the ventral mesogastrium
Name 3 tubular structures that run in the membrane labelled “O”
Im assuming hes refering to the entirety of the lesser omentum (within the two layers) rather than the hepatogastric ligament.
Therefore:
- hepatic artery (proper)
- Common bile duct
- gastric arteries and veins
- The portal vein
Region “E” has a dual blood supply, state the vessels that supply this region and include which each directly arises from
The greater stomach curvature blood supply:
- Left Gastroepiploic Artery which arises directly from the Splenic Artery
- Right Gastroepiploic Artery which arises directly from the Common Hepatic Artery
Region “P” has a dual blood supply, state which vessels supply this region and include which each directly arises from.
Leser Curvature of the Stomach Blood Supply:
- Left gastric artery which directly arises from the Coeliac trunk
- Right gastric artery which directly arised from the Common hepatic artery
Name the 3 embryological derivations of the gut, and name three blood vessels that supply each part. Where is their demarcation point where one blood supply takes over from another?
Forgut suplied by celiac trunk
——————– distal to bile duct entry into duodenum ——————–
Midgut supplied by superior mesenteric artery
——————– 2/3 of transverse colon of large intestine —————–
Hindgut supplied by inferior mesenteric artery
1? what is the approximate length?
Superior part of duodenum (imediately after pylorus)
5cm
2? what is the approximate length?
Descending part of duodenum
7-10cm (longest part of duodenum)
3? what is the approximate length?
Horizontal part of duodenum
6-8cm
4? what is the approximate length?
Ascending Duodenum
5cm
5
Jejunum
6
Tail of pancreas
7
Hilum of spleen
8
Uncinate process of pancrease
(just remember that uncinate means hook)
9 (attachment point)
Attachment of transverse mesocolon
10
head of pancreas
What is different about the inner wall of “1” from the other parts of the same section of small intestine (“2”, “3”, and “4”)
The inner wall of the Superior duodenum (“1”) has no plicae circulares (glorified folds). Whereas the descending, horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum (“2, 3 and 4”) (and even the jejunum) do have these plicae circulares.
Regions of 1-4 exhibit a shared blood supply, which two vessels off the abdominal aorta supply this region?
The forgut supply (Coeliac trunk) supplies “1” and “2” (the superior and the descending parts of the duodeum), whilst the midgut supply (Superior mesenteric artery) supplies “3” and “4” (the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum)
For each general branch that supplies structures “1” - “4”, name the vessels from the abdominal aorta in correct order to supply this region.
For Structures “1” and “2” : Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Common Hepatic -> Gastro Duodenal -> Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery -> posterior and anterior branches of the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
For Structures “3” and “4” : Abdominal aorta -> superior mesenteric artery -> Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery -> posterior and anterior branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
A (the bend)
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
B
Ascending colon
C
Ileocaecal junction (containing sphincter muscle)
D
Caecum
E
Vermiform apendix
F
Ileum
G
Spleen (Possibly the superior border or gastric impression?)
I
Transverse mesocolon
J
Transverse Colon
K
Left Colic (splenic) flexure
L
Epiploic (omental) appendages
(attach to taenia)
M
Descending Colon
N (the line-ish part that traces the entire colon)
Free tania
(only omental tania if the omentum is attaching)
O
Sigmoid colon
(although the arrow is mega close to the rectosigmoid junction so il let you off with either answer, cmon click that 5 you know you want to)
P
Rectum
Name the 4 basic layers of the gut tube from superficial to deep.
(you wouldnt)
(also dont be too specific otherwise u might end up with 5)
Serosa
Muscular
Submucosa
Mucosa
The smooth muscle and connective tissue of the gut tube, plus its associated visceral peritoneum are derived from which part of the lateral plate mesoderm?
Splanchnic Mesoderm
The epithelia layer of the gut tube and associated glands branching from the gut tube are derived from which germ layer?
Somatic mesoderm
Explain the pathway taken by bile from the liver to the duodenum, including the gall bladder. Also include the stimulus for bile secretion.
For the following embryological part of the gut tube: Foregut
Name the adult structures formed from it.
Pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, first half of duodenum, as well as the liver, gallbladder and pancreas (including their ducts) that branch off of the foregut tube.
For the following embryological part of the gut tube: Midgut
Name the adult structures formed from it.
second half of the duodenum, jejunum, iluem, caecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the first 2/3 of the transverse colon.
For the following embryological part of the gut tube: hindgut
Name the adult structures formed from it.
the last 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the superior part of the anal canal.
What is the demarcation point from the foregut to the mid gut?
Major papilla into descending duodenum
(so basically the end of the first half of the duodenum)
What is the demarcation point from the midgut to hindgut?
2/3 of the transverse colon of large intestine
What are the INDIVIDUAL major blood vessels that serve the following regions:
- foregut
- midgut
- hindgut
- Coeliac trunk
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Inferior mesenteric artery
State the structure and vertebral level through which the oesophagus passes between thorax and abdomen.
Oesophageal hiatus at T10
State the blood supply to the greater curvature of the stomach
Two vessels supply the greater curvature:
Left Gastroepiploic (arises from splenic artery)
Right Gastroepiploic (arises from hepatic common)
State the blood supply to the lesser curvature
Thier are 2 vessels that supply the lesser curvature:
- left gastric (has its own branch off of the coeliac trunk)
- Right gastric (arises from the proper hepatic artery that branched off of the common hepatic artery)
Which fold of the peritoneum will recieve blood from the same vessels supplying the greater curvature.
The greater omenta
What attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach? (be specific)
The hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments that are collectively known as the lesser omenta
What attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach? (be specific)
The gastocolic ligament which is essentially known as the greater omenta
The gastrophrenic ligament connects the stomach the ________
Thoracic Diaphragm
The gastrosplenic ligament connects the stomach to the _________
Spleen
What is the “bare area”? (just assume we talkin bout the abdominopelvic cavity you scrub, like cmon man look at the name of the deck)
The bare area is on the posterior surface of the liver and it marks the area that makes direct contact with the diaphragm. It is called bare area because this specifc area does not have a covering of peritoneum like the rest of the liver.
What is the chord like structure found within the falciform ligament and what was it in the embryo?
The round ligament (aka the ligamentum teres)
was the umbilical vein in the embryo
Name and identify the three stuctures we expect to find at the porta hepatis, along with the layer of peritoneum in which these structure run.
- the hepatic portal vein
- The hepatic artery
- The common hepatic duct
They collectively run in the lesser omentum
The hepaticopancreatic ampulla opens into which part of the gut tube?
The descending duodenum
Name the internal feature (raised point of tissue) at the entrance of the hepticopancreatic ampulla.
The major duodenal papilla
(im assuming this is what garry means by this question but who knows)
What are the functions of the gall bladder? what features allow it to achieve this?
Simply, to store and concentrate bile via the muscular bag to contain the bile and also the microvilli to help with concetrating.
Label 1-4
- Common bile duct
- Pancreatic Notch
- Pancreatic Duct
- Accessory pancreatic duct
Label 5-9
These are all regions of the pancreas:
- Tail of pancreas
- body of pancreas
- neck of pancreas
- head of pancreas
- uncinate process of pancreas
What region is the pancreas located?
the pancreas is hidden behind the stomach in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions, posterior to the lesser omental sac (omental bursa)
Explain the basic development of the parts of the pancreas
(hint: refer to mesentaries)
The ventral pancreas (in the ventral mesentery) migrates around behind the duodenum dragging the common bile duct with it to become the uncinate process.
The dorsal pancreas (in the dorsal mesentery) becomes the head, body and tail)
Which vessels are sandwhiched between the head and the uncinate process of the pancreas?
The superior mesenteric artery and vein
Label 1-6
- Coronary ligament
- Left lobe of liver
- Flaciform ligament
- Round ligament (aka ligamentum teres)
- Right lobe of liver
- Gallbladder
label 1-9
- lesser omentum
- hepatic portal vein
- hepatic artery
- common hepatic duct
- porta hepatis
- Inferior vena cava
- Left hepatic vein
- bare area
- ligamentum teres (round ligament)
Label the impressions (A-D)
A: Renal impression
B: Colic impression
C: Oesophageal impression
D: Gastric impression
Describe the relationship of the pancreas to the peritoneum.
The pancreas has no definate capsule as such but it is classed as secondarily retroperitoneal.
(Might wanna check if there is anything else worth adding here)
Summarise the blood supply to the panreas.
