Week 2 Flashcards
What are Independent Variables?
(X) variables that you can change or manipulate and also called factors and there are 2 or more
What are Dependent Variables?
(Y) What you measure
What is Attribute Variable?
Cannot be manipulated such as gender, age,
What is Active Variable?
Things you can manipulate (control group)
What is Repeated Factor?
Same people are measured at all levels
What is Independent Factor?
Different groups of people at each level
What are the levels of measurements?
- Ratio
- Interval
- Ordinal
- Nominal
What is Ratio?
Number represent units with equal intervals. There is a true 0. ex) distance, age, time, and weight
What is Interval?
Numbers have equal intervals but there is no true 0. ex) Calendar year, Degrees Celcius or Farenhiet
What is Ordinal?
Numbers indicate rank order ex) manual muscle test, pain, funciton
What is Nominal?
Numerals are categorical based ex) gender, blood type, diagnosis
What are Factorial Designs?
allow researchers to look at how multiple factors affect a dependent variable, both independently and together
What is a Construct?
Abstractions not observable
What is the Operational Definition?
converting a construct to a measurable variable
What is a univariate design?
Only 1 dependent variable
What is a multivariate design?
more than 1 dependent variable
What are types of reliability tests?
- Test Retest
- Interrater
- Intrarater
- Internal Consistency
- Alternate Forms
- Split Half
What is Test Retest?
used to establish that an instrument/tool is capable of measuring a variable consistently
What is Inter rater Reliability?
Variations between 2 or more raters who measure the same group
What is Intra Rater Reliability?
Scores should match when the sam examiner tests the same subjects on two or more occasions
What is Alternate/Parallel Forms?
To see if 2 versions of the same instrument are equivalent
What is Internal Consistency?
Often used to construct scales/Questionaires
What is Split Half Reliability?
Takes all questions and divides them in halves
What is the Modern Approach for Quantifying Reliability?
- Intra Correlation Coefficients
2. Kappa
What are Intra Correlation Coefficients?
for continuous scales scores
What are Kappa used for?
for categorical scale scores
SEM?
The absolute measure of reliability
Responsiveness
The ability of an instrument to detect minimal change over time
What is MDC?
the ability of an instrument to detect change beyond measurement error
What is MCIB?
the ability of an instrument to detect minimally important change
What are types of measurement validity?
- Face Validity
- Content Validity
- Criterion Validity
- Concurrent Validity
- Predictive Validity
- Construct Validity
What is Face Validity?
Indicates that the instrument is measuring what its suppose too; the lowest form of measurement validity
What is Content Validity?
Indicates that the items that make up an instrument adequately sample the universe of content that defines the variable being measured. Most useful in questionnaires and inventories
What is Criterion Validity?
Indicates that the outcomes of one instrument, the target test, can be used as substitute measure for an established reference standard criterion test “Gold Standard”
What is Concurrent Validity?
Establishes validity when two measurements are taken relatively at the same time
What is predictive Validity?
Establishes that the outcome of the target test can be predicted a future criterion score
What is Construct Validity?
Establishes the ability of an instrument to measure an abstract construct and the degree to which the instrument reflects the theoretical components of the construct
