Week 2

Question 1

African American’s more likely to be…

Answer 1

Arrested
Convicted
Receive harder sentences
Etc.

Question 2

DNA exonerations

Answer 2

A (if not THE) primary cause (~75%) of wrongful convictions involve mistaken eyewitness ID

Question 3

Perpetrator vs. suspect

Answer 3

Perp ACTUALLY committed the crime (culprit)

Suspect is who the police SUSPECT of committing the crime

Question 4

Guilty vs. innocent suspect

Answer 4

Guilty suspect is the PERP
-the police CORRECTLY suspect the person who actually committed the crime

Innocent suspect
-police INCORRECTLY suspect an innocent person who did NOT commit the crime

Question 5

ID a suspect

Answer 5

Perp commits a crime
->victim or witness observes the crime

Police develop a suspect (guilty or innocent)

• > ask witness to ID the perp of the crime
• > typically use photo (more popular) or live lineup

Question 6

Fillers or foils

Answer 6

A known innocent inserted into a lineup to make it more fair (police officers, prison inmates, old mugshots of deceased, DMV photos)

For reliability

• if witness IDs a foil, nothing happens
• if witness IDs suspect, further prosecution

Lineups contain only ONE suspect

Question 7

ONLY type of error that has potential to imprison innocent

Answer 7

Mistaken identification (false ID, misidentification)
ID an innocent suspect

Foils are known to be innocent
NOT ID the perp doesn’t send innocent to prison, but lets guilty go free

Question 8

Retrospective archival analyses

Answer 8

Study real, actual crimes and case files

Correlation does not mean causation
Ground-truth problem
-can NEVER say with 100% certainty if someone is actually guilty in the real world

Question 9

Field studies

Answer 9

Look at lineup data in real cases (e.g., police station)

Limitation: ground-truth problem

• cannot make conclusion about accuracy any more than in retrospective analyses
• cannot examine “false IDs” because police assume each suspect is guilty

Question 10

Lab experiment

Answer 10

ONLY method in which we can infer CAUSATION

Question 11

Target present (TP) lineup

Answer 11

Simulates real-world conditions in which suspect is guilty

-guilty suspect (perp) in lineup

Question 12

Target absent (TA) lineup

Answer 12

Simulates real-world condition in which suspect is innocent

• innocent suspect in lineup instead of guilty suspect (NOT all foils)
• > if ID suspect is FALSE ID

Question 13

Witness responses

Answer 13

1. Pick suspect
   - correct ID (pick guilty suspect or perp in TP lineup)
   - false ID (pick innocent suspect in TA lineup)
2. Pick foil
   - ID foil in either TP or TA lineup
3. No ID
   - reject lineup “none of the above” or “I don’t know”

Question 14

Correct responses

Answer 14

TP- correct ID

TA- no ID

Question 15

Incorrect responses

Answer 15

TP- foil or no ID

TA- false or foil

Question 16

To determine which group preformed better over all, compare…

Answer 16

correct and false ID rates of both groups

Question 17

Probative value (PV)

Answer 17

Evidence has value to the degree that it tells you something about the likelihood of guilt

Can be calculated in several ways
-as ratio (corr