Quizes

Question 1

A psychologist who evaluates whether a witness accurately IDs the guilty person in a lineup is concerned with

Answer 1

Objective justice

Question 2

According to Loftus and Monahan (1980), a key role of the expert witness is to assist the triers of fact (i.e., judges, juries) by making a determination as to whether the defendant is guilty or innocent (T or F)

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Psychologists can influence the courts by being

Answer 3

Disseminators of research
Trial and jury consultants
Program evaluators

Question 4

The burden of proof is higher for _____ cases

Answer 4

Criminal as opposed to civil

Question 5

According to the National Crome Victimization Survey (Hart & Rennison, 2003), approximately how many violent crimes are reported to the police each year?

Answer 5

45%

Question 6

According the Tom Tyler, the decision to report crime to the police is based in large part on…

Answer 6

People’s perceived legitimacy of the police
People’s past experience with the police (individually or vicariously)
Procedural justice factors

Question 7

You are pulled over by the cops for running a stoplight. According to Tom Tyler’s decision theory, what would not factor into how you evaluate your interaction with the police?

Answer 7

If there was a positive outcome- that you didn’t actually get a ticket for running the stop sign

Question 8

According to Greenberg and Beach (2004), victims of crime consider three kinds of factors when decision whether to report their victimization to the police; what are they?

Answer 8

Cognitive factors (cost-benefit analysis)
Emotional factors
Social factors

Question 9

Witnesses are less likely to report crimes to police if

Answer 9

There are other people around who also witnessed the crime (bystander effect)
If the crime was committed by someone known to the witness (e.g., a friend) as opposed to a stranger
If they subscribe to a community norm against snitching

Question 10

Research suggests that the criminal justice system depends on the active and willing participation of witnesses (T or F)

Answer 10

True

Question 11

There have been 312 post-conviction DNA exonerations in US history, what factor was present in 75% of these wrongful convictions?

Answer 11

Mistake eyewitness identification

Question 12

How many suspects are there in a properly constructed line up?

Answer 12

One

Question 13

Target present and target absent lineups mainly differ how?

Answer 13

Only the TP lineup contains the perp

Question 14

The ground-truth problem is not an issue for

Answer 14

laboratory studies

Question 15

What ID runs the risk of sending an innocent person to prison?

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Wells (1978) suggests that _____ variables are more fruitful to study

Answer 16

System

Includes police procedures

Question 17

Simultaneous lineups are thought to use _____ judgments

Answer 17

Relative

Question 18

Sequential lineups are thought to use ______ judgements

Answer 18

Absolute

Question 19

Using similar could to the suspect result in a lowering of the false ID rate without any cost to the correct ID rate (T or F)

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Where to find false ID rate on chart

Answer 20

chose suspect in TA lineup

Question 21

TA line up, 65% of witnesses who chose someone, picked the innocent suspect. Conclusion?

Answer 21

Line up is biased

Question 22

Relationship between confidence and eyewitness identification accuracy

Answer 22

Confidence is very malleable

Question 23

Eyewitness ID reform that does not result in a trade off

Answer 23

Using lineups over showups

Question 24

What is a show up?

Answer 24

When one person (suspect) is shown to a witness

Question 25

Witnesses are less accurate when IDing suspects from a different race than their own. T or F?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

In general, humans are very accurate at being able to distinguish between lies and truthful statements. T or F?

Answer 26

False.

Only group above chance is secret service agents

Question 27

Which polygraph procedure tends to yield the most accurate responses?

Answer 27

Guilty-knowledge test

Question 28

Miranda statement

Answer 28

Right to attorney
Right to remain silent
If waive right, anything said can and will be used against you in a court of law

Question 29

The California Supreme Court ruled that Catarino Gonzalez unequivocally and unambiguously invoked his Miranda Rights.
T or F?

Answer 29

FALSE

Question 30

What is the difference between an interview and an interrogation?

Answer 30

The goal of an interrogation is to obtain a confession.

Question 31

The police are legally allowed to lie to suspects during the course of an interrogation.
T or F?

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Most clear example of a coerced-compliant false confession?

Answer 32

The Central Park Jogger suspects

Question 33

In class, we discussed a mock-crime study that was conducted by Kassin and Norwick (2004). Who waived their Miranda Rights more often in this study – innocent or guilty participants?

Answer 33

Innocent suspects

Question 34

The police use the same interrogation techniques with minors as they do with
adults.
T or F?

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

Rephrasing legalistic questioning into more simplistic phrasing benefits

Answer 35

Everyone!

Question 36

Which types of questions tends to yield the most accurate results and is recommended to be used at the start of forensic interviews?

Answer 36

free recall/open-ended

Question 37

What factors increases children’s susceptibility to suggestion?

Answer 37

being younger in age
reinforcing children’s responses
use of anatomical dolls

Question 38

What procedure reduces children’s stress while testifying, but doesn’t have any negative impact on conviction rates?

Answer 38

using closed circuit TV

Question 39

Repressed memories are theorized to be different from natural forgetting.
T or F?

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

What is a recovered memory?

Answer 40

A memory that was once repressed that has become consciously accessible

Question 41

Eileen Franklin’s testimony led to the conviction of her father for the murder of Susan Nason. Eileen Franklin’s testimony is remarkable because:

Answer 41

She claimed to have repressed the memory for over 20 years before recovering it

Question 42

The statute of limitations may be postponed if the plaintiff can successfully argue that the ____ applies.

Answer 42

doctrine of delayed discovery

Question 43

In order for a claim based on repressed and recovered memory to be true,

Answer 43

traumatic memories must be (at least sometimes) repressed
AND
repressed memories must (at least sometimes) be recovered accurately.

Question 44

The case of Ramona v. Isabella was a landmark case because it was the

Answer 44

first case in which a third party sued a therapist and won.

Question 45

The French psychiatrist Janet described the case of Madame D. Madame D.’s memory is often presented as evidence

Answer 45

that our behavior can be affected by events for which we have no conscious memory.

Question 46

In a longitudinal study of memory of childhood sexual abuse, Williams (1994) interviewed 129 women and found that

Answer 46

in 38% of all cases, the women did not remember having been abused as children.

Question 47

Evidence that people who experience trauma sometimes develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is used as an argument _________ the theory of repression.

Answer 47

against

Question 48

Eileen Franklin claimed that she remembered the murder of Susan Nason after looking at her daughter. The idea that she needed this event to recall her “memory” is most clearly an example of _______.

Answer 48

cue-dependent retrieval