Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KNPE331 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of injury (MOI)

A

How an injury happened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sources of MOI

A

Trauma
Overuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Trauma

A

From an external force on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Overuse

A

Repetitive strain on a tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Onset of MOI

A

Acute/traumatic
Insidious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acute/traumatic

A

Sudden onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Insidious

A

Gradual and often of unknown origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Signs

A

Something you see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms

A

Something the athlete feels/describes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of signs

A
  • bruising
  • swelling
  • heat/cold
  • spasm/guarding
  • sweating
  • shivering
  • vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of symptoms

A
  • pain
  • tingling
  • numbness
  • burning
  • tight
  • pressure
  • nausea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pain

A
  • no every experience is the same
  • comes with fear and shock
  • imp to reassure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Psychological affects of injuries

A
  • anger
  • fear
  • denial
  • sadness
  • catastrophizing
  • regret
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Things to consider for psychology of injuries and performance

A
  • coping strategies
  • support at home
  • access to care
  • professional support
  • team/coach support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can we help with the psychology of injuries?

A
  • listen
  • reassure
  • know when to refer
  • educate
  • coach/player/family/friend support
  • mindful and sequential return to play
  • keep them part of the team
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of skin wounds

A
  • lacerations
  • abrasions
  • punctures
  • contusions
  • blisters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Laceration

A

Slice in tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Management of lacerations

A
  1. Control bleeding
  2. Clean he wound
  3. Steri-strips
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Step 1: Control the bleeding

A
  • PPE (gloves)
  • Pressure
  • Elevation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pressure to control bleeding

A
  • “all gauze sponges” ie. non-sterile loose gauze
  • add extra layer of gauze as needed (don’t remove previous layer)
  • conforming stretch gauze bandage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Step 2: Clean the wound

A
  • soap and water
  • cinder suds (lifts dirt and debris)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Step 3: Steri-strips field coverage considerations

A
  • dry the area around the laceration
  • adhesive spray via Q-tip
  • rub Q-tip on either side of laceration where steri-strips will be applied
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When do we send for stitches?

A
  • only done effectively within 24hrs of injury
  • deep wounds affecting more then just skin
  • unable to stop the bleeding
  • wound is to the face
  • wound is across the joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Minor cuts and abrasions

A
  • superficial layers of skin
  • for return to play: non-stick gauze and cover roll
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Punctures

A
  • if object is still in, leave it in
  • pad around it with gauze rolls
  • send for medical attention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Contusions

A
  • bleeding under skin from blunt trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Deep contusions

A
  • need proper management to avoid myositis ossificans
  • no deep tissue massage
  • effleurage or lymph drainage
  • ice
  • protective padding (donut pad)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How can contusions be supervised in clinic?

A
  • ultrasound (pulsed setting)
  • interferential current (IFC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Blister prevention

A
  • skin lube over areas of friction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Blister treatment

A
  • if broken, clean well
  • second-skin
  • coverroll/hypafix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When do we seek medical attention?

A
  • unable to control bleeding
  • wound is dirty and unable to be cleaned
  • deep wound or puncture
  • object os still impaled
  • changes in sensation
  • wound is from human/animal bite
  • wound is from rusty object
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cartilage and meniscus healing

A
  • limited capacity to heal
  • little or no direct blood supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ligament healing

A
  • during repair phase, collagen or connective tissue fibres lay down randomly
  • gradually scar is formed
  • over following months collagen fibres align in response to joint stress/strain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Skeletal muscle healing

A
  • regeneration of new myofibers is minimal
  • healing and repair follows the same process of random collagen alignment and develops tensile strength in response to stress/strain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Healing of nerves

A
  • regeneration can take place very slowly (3-4mm/day)
  • peripheral nerves regenerate better than central nervous system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Phases of wound healing

A
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Inflammation
  3. Repair and regeneration
  4. Remodelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Hemostasis

A

Process leading to cessation of bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Inflammation

A

Essential vascular and cellular response for proper tissue healing

39
Q

Repair and regeneration

A

Formulation of granulation tissues

40
Q

Remodeling

A

Strengthening of tissues along lines of tension

41
Q

Timeline of stages of wound healing

A
  1. Inflammation: 4-6 days
  2. Proliferation: 4-24 days
  3. Remodelling: 21 days -2 years
42
Q

Tissue response to injury

A

Acute musculoskeletal injuries fall into 3 phases:
1.Inflammation
2. Repair and regeneration
3. Remodelling

43
Q

Phase 1: Inflammatory response

A
  • vasodilation of blood vessels
  • white blood cells (neutrophils and macrophages) fight infection, break down and clean up damaged tissue
44
Q

Signs and symptoms of inflammation

A
  • redness
  • swelling
  • heat
  • pain
  • loss of function
45
Q

Phase 2: Repair and regeneration

A
  • collagen laid down in disorganized mix
  • revascularization bring oxygen and nutrients
  • edges of wounds draw closer
46
Q

Phase 3: Remodelling

A
  • collagen reorganizes along lines of stress (Wolff’s law)
  • tissues increase in tensile strength
47
Q

Tissue healing phases (table)

A
  1. Inflammatory response phase
  2. Fibroblastic repair phase
  3. Maturation-remodelling phase
48
Q

Inflammatory response phase

A
  • pain, swelling, redness
  • decreased collagen synthesis
  • increased inflammatory cells
49
Q

Fibroblastic repair phase

A
  • collagen fiber production
  • decreased collagen fiber organization
  • decreased inflammatory cells
50
Q

Maturation-remodelling phase

A
  • proper collagen fiber alignment
  • increased tissue strength
51
Q

Bone healing 5 stages

A

**av 6-8 weeks
1. Hematoma formation
2. Cellular proliferation (cells grow and divide)
3. Callus formation (soft callus)
4. Ossification (hard callus)
5. Remodelling

52
Q

Inflammatory phase (day 1-5) aims of treatment

A
  • decrease inflammation
  • decrease pain
  • decrease swelling
  • decrease activity
  • protect
    -educate
53
Q

Demolition phase (day 3-15) aims of treatment

A
  • decrease residual swelling
  • decrease residual pain
  • increase ROM
  • increase flexibility
  • increase strength
  • increase proprioception
  • prevent second degree complications
  • increase CV fitness
  • educate
54
Q

Healing phase (day 10-8 weeks) aims of treatment

A
  • increase circulation
  • decrease pain or muscle spasm
  • increase ROM
  • increase flexibility
  • increase strength
  • increase CV (sports specific)
  • increase proprioception
55
Q

Long term goals aims of treatment

A
  • maintain/restore skin and connective tissue
  • ensure full ROM, strength of lesion side, restore flexibility, psychological readiness
  • optimal biomechanics
  • correct training habits/equipment
  • maintain/increase proprioception
  • protect injury site
  • educate
56
Q

Guidelines for return to play

A
  • full ROM, 80% strength
  • able to perform the demands of the sport
  • psychological readiness
57
Q

What tools do student trainers have?

A
  • heat and cold
  • massage
  • educate
  • exercise
  • taping and wrapping
  • wound care
58
Q

Heat indications- when do we use it?

A
  • healing phase and beyond
  • relaxation
  • promote flexibility
59
Q

Tissue response to heat

A
  • increased circulation
  • increased inflammation
  • increased metabolism
  • increased edema/swelling
  • decreased pain
  • decreased spasm
60
Q

Types of heat

A
  • most heat application (hydrocollator packs)
  • electric heating pads
  • hot tub
  • microwaveable bean bag
  • infrared sauna
  • ultrasound (continuous setting)
61
Q

Contraindications to heat

A
  • inflamed tissues
  • bleeding disorders
  • blood clots
  • impaired sensation
  • metal implants
  • infection
  • open wounds
  • additional contras for whole body ie. sauns, hot tub
62
Q

Additional contraindications for whole body

A
  • pregnancy or trying to conceive
  • multiple sclerosis due to heat intolerance
  • illness
63
Q

Tissue response to cold (cryotherapy)

A
  • decreased inflammatory response
  • decreased edema/swelling
  • decreased pain
  • decreased circulation
  • decreased hematoma formation
  • decreased muscle spasm
  • decreased tissue metabolism
  • decreased enzymatic activity
  • decreased extensibility
64
Q

Cryotherapy types

A
  • crushed ice or ice cubes
  • gel packs or frozen peas
  • frozen beanbag
  • ice cup massage
  • cold immersion
  • hyperbaric gaseous cryotherapy (neurocryostimulation)
  • cryochamber
65
Q

Cryotherapy consideration: Ice bag

A
  • flatten ice and remove air pockets by sucking air out of bag
  • apply a barrier btwn ice and skin
  • time: 15-20 min
66
Q

Cryotherapy consideration: frozen beanbag

A
  • already has soft covering
  • time: 10-15 min
67
Q

Cryotherapy consideration: ice cup massage

A
  • fill styrofoam cup 1/2 way and freeze it
  • apply to skin in circular continuous motion
  • time: 5-10 min
68
Q

Cryotherapy consideration: cold immersion

A
  • 10 degrees for CBAN (cold, burning, achy, numb)
69
Q

Cryotherapy consideration: Neurocryostimulation

A
  • sprays micro crystals of liquid CO2 at -78 degrees C
70
Q

Cryotherapy consideration: cryochamber types

A
  1. Electric (cools the air)
  2. Liquid nitrogen
71
Q

Cryotherapy consideration: electric cryochamber

A
  • temps as low as -160 degrees C for at least 3 min and until skin gets to desired temp
  • settings: 7, 9, 11 degrees
72
Q

Cryotherapy consideration: liquid nitrogen cryochamber

A
  • temp as low as -130 degrees
  • timing 2-4 min
73
Q

Contraindications of electric cryochamber

A
  • pregnancy
  • high BP
  • blood clots
  • heart conditions
  • infection
74
Q

Contraindications to cold

A
  • raynaud’s phenomenon
  • urticaria (hives/rash)
  • clotting disorders
  • over superficial nerves
  • altered skin sensation
  • complex regional pain syndrome
75
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A
  • caused by decreased blood flow to fingers/toes due to vasospasm
76
Q

Indications for massage- when to use it

A
  • tight muscles
  • injured muscles
77
Q

How does massage help tight muscles?

A
  • increase extensibility
  • decrease pain
78
Q

What type of massage should be used for an injured muscle in the inflammatory phase?

A
  • effleurage/lymph drainage only
  • decrease pain and swelling
79
Q

What type of massage should be used for an injured muscle in the healing phase?

A
  • deeper forms
  • increase circulation
80
Q

Massage protocols

A
  • educate on why you’re massaging
  • clear contraindications
  • always obtain consent
  • expose the are to be treated
  • be professional
81
Q

Contraindications to massage therapy

A
  • acute inflammation (except for lymph drainage)
  • contusions (lymph drainage only)
  • acute spasm around another injury
  • over open wounds or skin reactions
  • altered sensation
  • possible blood clot
  • bleeding disorders
  • over varicose veins
  • deep vein thrombosis
  • some medical conditions
82
Q

Medical conditions that are contraindications to massage therapy

A
  • cancer
  • diabetes
83
Q

Four main principles of massage therapy

A
  1. General - specific - general
  2. Superficial - deep - superficial
  3. Proximal - distal - proximal
  4. Peripheral - central - peripheral
84
Q

What should you always do when applying any modality or form of treatment?

A
  • clear contraindications
  • expose the area to be treated
  • ask permission
85
Q

Open terminus lymphatic drainage massage

A
  • in hollow above clavicles
  • gentle pumping C motions
86
Q

Pre-event massage

A
  • indications: general tissue warm up
  • short duration, energetic (not relaxation)
  • local & general (not whole body)
87
Q

Pre-event massage techniques

A
  • petrissage
  • shaking/rocking
  • vibration
88
Q

Petrissage

A
  • spreading the muscle belly perpendicular to muscle fibres
  • avoid stripping the muscle mass and ends of tendons
89
Q

Shaking/Rocking

A
  • pre event: faster, shorter
  • post event: slower, longer
90
Q

Vibration

A
  • engage tissue, hand-over-hand, vibrate
91
Q

Sterile gauze

A

Used once wound has been cleaned or to help clean the wound

92
Q

Non-stick gauze

A

Used to dress the wound for long term application (doesnt stick to wound as it dries)

93
Q

Hypafix/coverroll

A

Used to secure the non-stick gauze

KNPE331 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions