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KNPE331 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary prevention

A

Reducing the incident of injury before they occur

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2
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Addressing injuries in their early state to prevent recurrence, severity and/or secondary complications

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3
Q

Examples of primary prevention

A
  • safe field/court conditions
  • environmental conditions
  • protective equipment
  • knowledge of medical conditions
  • proper warm-up/cool-down
  • progression of training
  • nutrition/hydration
  • scanning for unsafe technique
  • recognize injury patterns
  • collaboration with coaches, S&C
  • preventative bracing
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4
Q

Examples of secondary prevention

A
  • early identification of injuries
  • bracing/taping/wrapping
  • sufficient rehab
  • education on risk
  • sufficient reconditioning post injury (including psych readiness)
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5
Q

When should we brace instead of tape?

A
  • ongoing conditions
  • larger joints requiring complex tape jobs (knee ligaments, shoulder dislocation)
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6
Q

Pros of taping

A

Some athletes report it feels tighter/more secure (proprioceptive feedback)

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7
Q

Cons of taping

A

Does not maintain its integrity for as long as bracing

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8
Q

Benefits of orthotics

A
  • noticeable difference in biomechanics up the chain
  • effective for anyone working long shifts on feet
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9
Q

What should orthotics be in combination with?

A

Supportive rehab to retain intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles and movement patterns

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10
Q

Types of sports injuries

A
  1. Urgent vs non-urgent
  2. Traumatic vs overuse
  3. Acute vs chronic
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11
Q

How do muscles/tendons get injured?

A
  • strain
  • tendonitis/osis
  • contusion
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12
Q

How do ligaments get injured?

A
  • sprain
  • overstretch, dislocations, subluxations
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13
Q

How do bones get injured?

A
  • fracture/break
  • bruise
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14
Q

How do nerves get injured?

A
  • burner/stinger
  • contusion/crush injury
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15
Q

How does the brain get injured?

A
  • concussion, acquired brain injury (ABI)
  • direct or indirect trauma
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16
Q

How does the skin get injured?

A
  • lacerations, abrasions
  • contusions
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17
Q

Classification of sprains and strains- Grade 1 or 1st degree

A

Tissues stretch/some fibres disrupted

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18
Q

1st degree sprain

A

integrity of joint maintained

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19
Q

1st degree strain

A

Contractions are strong but painful

20
Q

Classification of sprains and strains- Grade 2 or 2nd degree

A

Partial tear/many fibres disrupted

21
Q

2nd degree sprain

A

Some instability/laxity in the joint

22
Q

2nd degree strain

A

Contractions are weak and very painful

23
Q

Classification of sprains and strains- Grade 3 or 3rd degree

A

Complete tear

24
Q

3rd degree sprain

A

Significant instability/laxity in joint

25
Q

3rd degree strain

A

Unable to contract and often pain free (nerve ending fibres torn too)

26
Q

Contusions (brusies)

A

Crush injury to the muscle and connective tissue from blunt trauma

27
Q

How does the muscle respond to contusions?

A
  • pain
  • discolouration
  • swelling
  • spasm/guarding (DON’T massage this)
  • reflex inhibition
28
Q

What is reflex inhibition?

A

Pain and swelling can stop voluntary muscle contraction resulting in weakness/giving out

29
Q

What is the difference between tendonitis and tendonosis?

A

“itis”–>inflammation
“osis”–> tissue breakdown

30
Q

Common overuse (tendonitis) injuries

A
  • bursitis
  • shin splints
  • stress fractures
31
Q

Role of the student trainer

A
  • EAP
  • primary and secondary prevention
  • scene survey
  • stabilize C spine, injured limb
  • assess
  • reassure
  • provide necessary immediate care
  • determine safe removal from playing surface
  • prevent secondary complications
  • support rehab process and liaise btwn therapy, coaching and S&C
32
Q

Emergency action plan (EAP)

A

Predetermined, organized system of managing severe injury allowing for quick and effective injury management

33
Q

Purpose of EAP

A
  • defines predetermined roles
  • promotes organization
  • decrease chaos/panic
  • creates trust and promotes reassurance
34
Q

What three people are always identified on the EAP?

A
  1. Charge person
  2. Call person
  3. Control person
35
Q

Charge person

A

Person in charge of delivering medical care

36
Q

Call person

A

Provides medical info, meets and directs ambulance

37
Q

Control person

A

Manages team/crowd/surroundings/locates supplies

38
Q

What should be included on the EAP?

A
  • imp numbers (sports facility, emergency services)
  • address of sports facility and directions (map)
  • address of nearest hospital
  • address of urgent care/x-rays
  • location of player medical records, AED, spinal board
39
Q

Normal/ideal gait pattern

A

Heel strike in slight supination
Arch absorbs the forces as it rolls into pronation
Supinate back into neutral through mid-forefoot for a neutral toe off

40
Q

What are the different foot types?

A
  1. Overpronators (valgus foot)
  2. Supinators (varus foot)
  3. “Normal”
41
Q

Overpronators (valgus)

A

Collapses through arch or stays in prontation

42
Q

Supinators (varus)

A

Weight stays through outside of foot

43
Q

Contraindications of taping (when not to tape)

A
  • allergies to adhesives
  • immediately after injury
  • injury has not been fully assessed
  • return to play criteria not met
  • to areas of altered skin sensation
  • overnight
  • check sport governing body to see if allows tape
44
Q

Return to play criteria

A
  • full ROM
  • minimum 80% strength
  • moves with proper biomechanics
  • able to perform the demands of the sport
45
Q

Taping principles - Pre tape assessment

A
  • explain tape job chosen and why
  • ask permission
  • clear contraindications
  • check ROM that you want to limit
  • check circulation via capillary refill distal to area being taped
  • use pre-tape adhesive spray if needed
46
Q

What to avoid when taping

A

Wrinkles
Windows
Bulges

47
Q

Taping principles- post tape re-assessment

A
  • ensure sufficient capillary refill
  • re-test that it successfully limits ROM

KNPE331 (4 decks)

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