Week 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Relevant anatomy- growth plates

A
  • area of new bone growth in kids & teens
  • usually located at end of long bones
  • made up of cartilaginous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When do growth plates close?

A
  • btwn the ages of 14-15 yrs old for females
  • btwn the ages of 16-17 yrs old for males
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pediatric medical conditions/considerations

A
  • juvenile diabetes (type I)
  • juvenile arthritis
  • asthma
  • epilepsy
  • allergies
  • water safety/CPR for drowning
  • choking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Working in youth sport important considerations

A
  • pediatric sized emergency supplies
  • pediatric tools
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pediatric sized emergency supplies

A
  • oropharyngeal airway
  • neck collar
  • splints
  • EpiPen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pediatric tool example

A
  • child SCAT6 (ages 8-12)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Injury prevention in youth sports

A
  • proper warm up
  • properly fitted protective equipment
  • diversifying their activities
  • playing time limits
  • max games per day for tournaments
  • min hrs btwn games
  • rotating positions
  • proper nutrition & hydration
  • avoid overtraining
  • baseline concussion testing
  • psychological wellness
  • pre-season screenings
  • pitch count limits- mandated rest days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should be included in pre-season screenings?

A
  • identify current pain/injuries
  • review medical conditions
  • assess functional movement patterns
  • concussion baseline testing
  • discuss important topics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which important topics should be discussed in pre-season screening?

A
  • concussions
  • nutrition
  • hydration
  • overtraining
  • communicating injury early (emphasis on RTP sooner if caught early)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to promote psychological wellness of youth athletes?

A
  • support following injury
  • healthy competition
  • healthy eating habits
  • inclusivity
  • motivational talks
  • encouraging cheers
  • promoting teamwork
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Growth plate injuries/fractures

A
  • excessive repeat stress on the growth plate of the bone causing widening of the growth plate
  • growth plate becomes inflamed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens if growth plate injuries are not addressed?

A

Can affect growth
- deformities
- bone stops growing prematurely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Management of growth plate injuries/fractures

A
  • altered activity
  • may require 2-3 months of rest from aggravating sport skill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is proximal humeral epiphysitis (Little league shoulder)?

A
  • irritation of the growth plate in the proximal humerus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MOI of proximal humeral epiphysitis

A
  • overuse in overhand motions causing excessive strain on growth plate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs and symptoms of proximal humeral epiphysitis

A
  • progressive increase in pain in proximal humerus or shoulder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What may proximal humeral epiphysitis lead to?

A
  • stress fractures through growth plate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who is proximal humeral epiphysitis most common in?

A
  • pitchers & baseball players
  • also seen in tennis and vball
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prevention of proximal humeral epiphysitis

A
  • limiting pitch counts
  • proper throwing mechanics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Patellar tendonitis (Jumper’s knee) MOI

A
  • excessive traction on patellar tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is patellar tendonitis often associated with?

A
  • growth spurts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Signs and symptoms of patellar tendonitis

A
  • pain
  • swelling & heat over patellar tendon
  • pain with jumping, running, quick COD or strong quad contraction
  • pain with flexion and extension
  • can often train through the pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Special tests for patellar tendonitis

A
  • thomas test
  • resisted quads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Acute management of patellar tendonitis

A
  • PIER
  • roll/soft tissue mobility for quads
  • lower extremity mechanics
  • train hamstrings to prevent anterior translation of tib on fem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Osgoode Schlatter’s disease?

A
  • irritation of growth plate at the tibial tuberosity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Osgoode Schlatter’s disease MOI

A
  • overuse
  • excessive traction of quads via patellar tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Signs and symptoms of Osgoode Schlatter’s disease

A
  • pain over tibial tuberosity
  • visible bump over tibial tuberosity
  • pain with contraction & stretch of quads
  • jumping especially painful
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Special tests for Osgoode Schlatter’s disease

A
  • thomas test
  • resisted quads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Acute management of Osgoode Schlatter’s disease

A
  • PIER
  • roll/soft tissue mobility for quads
  • lower extremity mechanics
  • train hamstrings
29
Q

Prevention of Osgoode Schlatter’s disease

A
  • diversify activity
30
Q

What is Sever’s disease?

A
  • irritation of calcaneal tuberosity growth plate (attachment for achilles tendon)
31
Q

Sever’s disease MOI

A
  • overuse
  • excessive traction of achilles
32
Q

Signs and symptoms of

A
  • pain over achilles insertion into calcaneus
  • pain with forceful achilles contraction (jumping, sprinting, starts/stops)
33
Q

Special test for Sever’s disease

A
  • single leg calf raise
34
Q

Acute care for Sever’s disease

A
  • stretch gastrocs & soleus
  • NSAIDs
  • heel lift
35
Q

Little league elbow MOI

A
  • chronic valgus overload to medial elbow from throwing
36
Q

Which medial structures does little league elbow lead to injury of?

A
  • medial epicondylitis
  • medial epicondylar apophysitis (growth plate injury)
  • avulsion fracture
  • MCL sprain
37
Q

Signs and symptoms of little league elbow

A
  • pain & inflammation over medial elbow
  • pain & weakness with throwing
  • medial instability
38
Q

Special tests for little league elbow

A
  • wrist flexor muscle testing
  • valgus stress
  • x-rays
39
Q

Acute care for little league elbow

40
Q

Prevention of little league elbow

A
  • limited pitch counts
  • proper throwing mechanics
41
Q

Other growth plate irritation sites

A
  • distal radius (gymnastics from repeat load)
  • anterior inferior iliac spine (tumbling sports such as gymnastics or cheer)
42
Q

Treatment for growth plate fractures

A
  • rest, cast, splint
  • surgical repair
43
Q

Principles of splinting

A
  • include the joint above & below the injury
  • pad the splint for comfort & added support
  • check distal pulse before & after splinting
44
Q

Stages of heat illness

A
  1. Heat cramps
  2. Heat exhaustion
  3. Heat stroke
45
Q

What are heat cramps?

A
  • muscle cramping during/after activity in the heat
46
Q

What are heat cramps thought to be caused by?

A
  • fluid & salt loss from sweating
47
Q

Who are heat cramps common in?

48
Q

Signs and symptoms of heat cramps

A
  • pain
  • spasm
49
Q

Acute care for heat cramps

A
  • rest in cool area
  • water/sports drink
  • gentle stretching & massage
50
Q

Prevention of heat cramps

A
  • sufficient hydration & electrolytes
  • avoid/minimize activity in high temps
51
Q

How does heat exhaustion result?

A
  • activity in hot temps
  • body’s ability to regulate temp becomes stressed
52
Q

Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion

A
  • normal or slightly elevated body temp
  • cool, moist, pale skin
  • headache
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • dizziness
  • weakness
  • exhaustion
  • level of consciousness starts to decline in later stages
53
Q

Acute care for heat exhaustion

A
  • rest in cool place
  • cold cloths in armpits, groin, back of neck, drink cool water
54
Q

What might heat exhaustion progress to if left untreated?

A
  • heat stroke
  • body unable to cool itself
55
Q

Signs and symptoms of heat stroke

A
  • dry, red, hot skin
  • progressive loss of consciousness
  • rapid & weak pulse
  • rapid and shallow breathing
  • high body temp
56
Q

Acute care for heat stroke

A
  • cool the body
  • give fluids
  • minimize shock
  • call EMS
57
Q

Cold- related emergencies

A
  • frostbite
  • hypothermia
58
Q

What is frostbite?

A
  • when body tissues freeze following prolonged exposure to cold
  • water within & surrounding cells freeze & swell which damages the cells
59
Q

What can frostbite result in?

A
  • loss of digits or limbs
60
Q

Superficial frostbite

61
Q

Deep frostbite

A
  • skin & underlying tissues freeze
62
Q

Signs and symptoms of frostbite

A
  • decreased sensation
  • skin is cold and waxy
  • discolouration
  • tingling
  • swelling
  • pain with rewarming
  • blisters within 24hrs
63
Q

Repeatability of frostbite

A
  • once an area gets frostbite, subsequent exposure can result inn frostbite more easily in area
64
Q

Acute care for frostbite

A
  • gentle rewarming by soaking in warm water
  • apply dry sterile dressing
  • gauze btwn fingers/toes
  • warm drink
  • blanket
    **do not rub area
65
Q

What sports is frostbite common in?

A
  • snowboarding
  • skiing
  • hockey
  • skating
  • fall sports that go late in to season (football, field hockey, rugby, soccer)
66
Q

When to refer to doctor for frostbite

A
  • signs of infection
  • red streaks
  • blisters
  • drainage
  • no return of sensation or normal skin tone
67
Q

Prevention of frostbite

A
  • dressing in layers
  • removing wet clothing/gear
  • avoid extended time during extreme cold weather
68
Q

What is hypothermia?

A
  • a dangerous drop in body temp below 95 degrees celcius following extended exposure to cold
69
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypothermia

A
  • shivering
  • slow irregular pulse
  • slow breathing rate
  • numbness
  • confusion
  • drowsiness
  • pale cold skin
  • loss of coordination
70
Q

What can hypothermia lead to?

A
  • shock
  • coma
  • cardiac arrest
71
Q

Acute care for hypothermia

A
  • ABCs
  • gradual rewarming with dry clothes
  • blankets
  • warm environment
  • heating pads
  • warm drinks if alert