Week 2 Flashcards
What is communication?
The word communication derive from words that mean;
Sharing, imparting, opinion, joining, fellowship, common place
As a diverse unique, complex and different as the individuals who give and receive it. We often don’t notice our communication specifically, only when its not quite right and we need to fix it
‘Communication involves speaking, hearing, listening, understanding, social skills, reading, writing and using voice’. - Speech Path Aus
- Any mode that makes up communication can show impairment
….’including difficulties with speaking, listening, understanding language, reading, writing, social skills, stuttering and using voice’. - Allied Health Professions Australia
What is the American Speech Association definition of communication?
‘Communication is the active process of exchanging information and ideas. Communication involves both understanding and expression. Forms of expression may include personalized movements, gestures, objects, vocalizations, verbalizations, signs, pictures, symbols, printed words, and output from augmentative and alternative (AAC) devices.’ - American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
What is the correlation between UDHR and communication?
Communication is a basic human right in Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 19. Humans did not evolve to not communicate.
Need to enable and power people communicate however our communication partner desires.
Not limited to using voice and talking e.g. baby cries, uses voice, movement.
- As out society has evolved, so has our communication styles. E.g. using letters, newspapers, books, education and literacy (for upper class). Now it is in person, online,
Communication is multifactorial, the need for communication
What are the modes of communication?
- Visual
- Aural
- Linguistics
- Spatial
- Gestural
What aspects are included in communication?
Speech: the pronunciation and articulation of words. e.g. Speech and non-speech sounds)
Language: Using (expressive) and understanding (receptive) words to exchange ideas in either spoken or written form. e.g. Grammar (word level, sentence level) and meaning
Literacy: Involves reading and, understanding what is read and communicating in written form.
Social Communication: Interpreting the context of conversation, understanding non-verbal cues and social rules of communication to develop a relationship with another person. e.g. verbal, non-verbal, proxemics (personal space, category of non-verbal communication), pragmatics
Voice: Using the vocal cords to produce speech - vibration of vocal cords, and is unique to us.
Fluency: Progression or continuity over words and phrases. Fluency disorders can be stuttering or cluttering. Fluency disorders are the interruption in the flow of speaking. Can be seen around 2-4 years old and its normal for typical development.
What are the functions of communication?
Informative: providing people with information
Instructive: Providing people with instructions
Persuasive: Wanting to influence the opinion of others
Motivation: Entice or direct others to act
Aesthetic: Using communication for enjoyment
Therapeutic/Emotional Expression: Sharing feelings with others
Regulation or control: Maintaining control over attitude, and/or behavior
Social Interaction: Establishing, maintaining, regulating, ending relationships
What is language?
A set of rules that combine symbols to produce meaning: It can be broken down into 4 key areas:
Form: Knowledge and skills required to produce and understand sentences and how sounds are combined to form words
Content: Knowledge and skills to understand meaningful and appropriate vocabulary and skills to retain and retrieve words to make sense of what we hear
Use: Knowledge and skills required for producing and understanding language appropriate for the context (pragmatics)
It can be communicated through speaking, written, manual, symbolic
What is literacy?
The ability to read write, listen and speak in a way that can be communicated and allows us to make sense of the world
Two steps:
1. Process used when we recognize letters
2. when we do not recognize letter combinations and requires us to use our knowledge of the letter sounds to decode familiar words
What is verbal communication?
Relies on words to convey meaning between two or more people, however does not have to occur face to face. Can use oral or non-oral methods.
What is non-verbal communication?
Supports meaning and context of verbal communication and only occurs in face to face interactions
What is communication impairment?
The impaired ability to send, receive, process and/or comprehend communication. This may impact verbal, non-verbal and/or graphic communications.
May be a delay, disorder, autism, deafness
What is communication difference/difficulty?
Difficulty communication often due to illness, injury, language barrier
What influences a persons communication?
Culture, society, environment, impairment
What modes of communication can we use?
Talking, language, hand gestures, vocal noises, facial expressions
How can a speech pathologist support someone with a communication difficulty?
They can support them in their language development, literacy, making sounds, swallowing, comprehension
