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Biological biases of behaviour > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Methods of modern study of brain and behaviour

A

Neuropsychology
Electrical activity of the brain
Neuroimaging
Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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2
Q

What is Neuropsychology

A

study of brain damage

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3
Q

What electrical activity of the brain

A

moment to moment activity

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4
Q

What is Neuroimaging

A

PET- (positron emission tomography)- where activity happens not too precise
fMRI- (functional magnetic resonance imaging)- where activity happens increasingly more precise
MEG- (magnetoencephalography)- Where and when activity happens

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5
Q

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation

A

TMS- stimulation (increase or decrease) of brain activity activity in a specific region of the brain

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6
Q

What is a CT in Neuropsychology

A

CT- scans show the location of the lesion

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7
Q

What is an EEG

A

Measure the electrical activity of the brain, and helps establish when activity occurs
can be used during sleep to understand and identify sleep stages

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8
Q

What is event related potentials (ERPs)

A

are often used in Neurobiological research investigating psychological functions
measure activity in response to a specific stimulus

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9
Q

MRI in brain imaging

A

magnetic resonance imaging
Neuroanatomy: identifies different regions of the brain and the nervous system

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10
Q

fMRI in brain imaging

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging
measures blood flow in the brain during a (mental) activity
establishes the role of different brain regions in psychological functioning- where in the brain activity occurs

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11
Q

TMS

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation
stimulates (increases or decreases) brain activity
Establishes the role of different brain regions in psychological functioning- where in the brain activity occurs

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12
Q

Nervous system parts

A

Nervous system
Central nervous system (CNS):
Brain
Spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system (PNS):
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system:
Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Enteric nervous system

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13
Q

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

A

Enables interaction between us and the environment
Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves:
1- smell 2- vision 7- hearing and balance (sensory)
3,4,6 eye movement 9-neck muscles 12- tongue (motor)
5,7,8,10,11 (sensory and motor)
and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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14
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Regulates internal organs
Tow parts
sympathetic- fight or flight prepares the body for action
parasympathetic- rest and digest helps the body relax

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15
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

Regulates digestion some times put under ANS
Helps control nutrient absorption and waste elimination

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16
Q

What is a neuron

A

structure- building block of the nervous system
Function- basic information-processing unit

17
Q

Structure of neuron

A

Dendrites
Cell body
Axon

18
Q

Function of Neuron

A

Ramon y Cajal
Neural cells are the functional units of the neurones system
interactions between neurons enable behaviour
Neurons transmit information form one another through gaps called synapse

19
Q

What are the Zones and there function in a neuron

A

Input zone- receiving information from other neurons
Integration zone- summing up all received information
Conduction zone- conducting information via electrical activity
Output zone- passing on information to other neurones

20
Q

Types of neurone

A

by function
sensory- carry information from the body to the spinal cord and the brain
Motor- carry information from the nervous system to the muscles and internal organs
Interneurons- receive information from neurons and pass it on to other neurons

By shape
Multipolar- many dendrites single axon
Bipolar- one dendrite and one axon
Unipolar- single axon branching in 2 directions

21
Q

Synapse

A

Function- information-processing unit
parts- axon terminal, synaptic vesicle, synaptic cleft, neurotransmitters, dendritic spine

Presynaptic neuron
Postsynaptic neuron

22
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Key role in communicating information between neurons

23
Q

Types of neurotransmitters

A

supporting different brain networks and their functions
Acetylcholine (ACh)- cholinergic networks- attention; learning and memory
Dopamine (DA) dopaminergic networks- movement and motor control, reward and reinforcement
Serotonin (5-HT): serotonin networks- mood, sexual behaviour, anxiety

24
Q

Gila support cells

A

Astrocytes: Nutrition; link between neurons and blood vessels but edema (swelling) when injures
Microglia: remove debris from damaged/dead cells but Alzheimer’s
Olygodendrocytes: myelination in the central nervous system
Schwann cells: myelination in the peripheral nervous system

Biological biases of behaviour (11 decks)

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