week 10

Question 1

What is learning

Answer 1

A process by which information is acquired and which is observed in an organism’s behaviour

Question 2

What is memory

Answer 2

encoding storage, and retrieval of learned information or, more broadly, previous experiences

Question 3

What is the modal model

Answer 3

sensory stores-> short-term store-><- long-term store

Question 4

What is the modal model and working memory model

Answer 4

sensory store-> working memory and short term store-><- long term store

Question 5

What is Patient K.F.

Answer 5

Left parieto-occipital lesion due to motorcycle accident- short-term store impairment indicated by digit span of 2- long-term store of words/ store was unimpaired
1972- memory of visual stimuli better then auditory
1974- deficit was limited to verbal stimuli, he performed at typical levels with non-verbal stimuli

Question 6

What are types of long term memory

Answer 6

Explicit: episodic conscious- personal and autobiographical. Semantic: facts, Knowledge
Implicit unconscious- skills, Habit, priming and conditioning
Emotional: conscious and unconscious
declarative: things you know that you can tell others
Nondeclarative: procedural things you know that you can show by doing

Question 7

What is H.M

Answer 7

Bilateral hippocampus removed in treatment for epilepsy. Developed anterograde amnesia inability to form new memories

Question 8

What is Maguire et al 1997

Answer 8

11 London taxi drivers recall under PET shortest legal route between two places, famous London landmarks, famous film sequences
significant activation of the right hippocampus with legal routes-posterior hippocampus size correlated with amount of experiences as taxi divers

Question 9

What is Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 9

alcohol-use related thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, damage to thalamus and hypothalamus, results in severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia. No insight in their memory problems- due to damage to frontal cortex

Question 10

What happened to H.M and long term memory

Answer 10

Impaired explicit/declarative long-term memory, but not non-declarative long-term memory

Question 11

What is memory in the 2020s

Answer 11

initial encoding reflects specific properties of the stimuli and is reflected in the activation of related neocortical region.
consolidation is dependent on the hippocampus and adjacent regions
Retrieval will vary depending on whether the memory was consolidated or not, with less dependence on hippocampus for consolidated memories