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The Study of Human Interaction > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do you form first impressions?

A

Automatic interpretations of cues
Correspondent inferences

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2
Q

How does systematic processing

A

Casual attributions
Using attributions to correct first impressions
Putting it all together: forming complex impressions
Accuracy of considered impressions

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3
Q

Why do we form and remember impressions of individuals?

A

Understand and predict others behaviour
Give social world meaning
Make sense of sensory information in our world
Guide our behaviour

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4
Q

5 ways we form first impressions?

A

1) Impressions from behaviour
2) Physical appearance
3) Non-verbal communication
4) Impressions from familiarity (exposure effect can lead to positive feelings).
5) Impressions from environments - contain cues to personality

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5
Q

What is the correlation between physical attractiveness and success?

A

More physical attractiveness = more successful.

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6
Q

When can people become salient?

A
  • they are novel
  • behave in ways not fitted to prior expectations
  • told to pay attention to them
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7
Q

What cues automatically interpretated?

A

Behaviours, traits and social situations.

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8
Q

What is a result of superficial processing?

A

Correspondent inferences

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9
Q

What is often a result of systematic processing?

A

Forming an impression based on a consideration of a wider range of information.

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10
Q

Superficial Processing

A
  • Very first impressions
  • Minimal effort and thought on bases of just 1 or 2 attributes
  • Inner characteristics corresponded directly to observed behaviour
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11
Q

Systematic Processing

A
  • More extensive thought
  • Think of causes for behaviour ones that are generally accessible, salient in context, or suggested patterns of available information
  • Consider consistency, distinctiveness and consensus of a person’s behaviour
  • Casual attributions
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12
Q

What 2 main factors are required in systematic processing?

A

Motivation and Ability

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13
Q

What are implications of causal attributions?

A
  • Courtroom proceedings: police investigation tapes.
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14
Q

What does Covariation model of attribution assume?

A

Considers consistancy, directiveness, and consensus of a persons behaviour.

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15
Q

High consistency, high distinctiveness and high consensus = ?

A

External attribution

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16
Q

Low consistency, low distintiveness, high consensus = ?

A

Internal Attriibution

17
Q

Low consistency = ?

A

Something about a particular time or circumstance.

18
Q

What is a limitation of Kelley’s attribution theory?

A

Assumes we have information from multiple experiences (different places and times).

19
Q

Why does Fundamental Attribution Error occur?

A

When the situation is not salient when people make attributions for the behaviour of others.
BUT, situation is salient when making attributions for one’s own behaviour.

20
Q

Why are impressions formed?

A

Used as a basis for decisions and behaviour.

21
Q

Why do impressions resist change?
What is this process called?

A

Because existing impressions shape interpretation of new information. Primary Effect.

22
Q

What may happen because of Primary Effect?

A

Impressions may survive even after exposure to discrediting information, creating a perseverance bias.

23
Q

Can impressions ever fundamentally change?

A

Yes - when people actually look for change.
No - even when change occurs, origianal representation may still be there. Called - conservatism.

24
Q

How do quantitative psychologists avoid bias?

A

Seek construct validity, internal validity and external validity.

25
Q

How do qualitative psychologists address subjectivity?

A

Seeking credibility, transferability, confirmability.

26
Q

How to ensure internal validity in an experimental design?

A
  • Random assignment of participants to conditions.
  • Manipulation of IV. IV = change to DV.
27
Q

Lab Setting evaluation

A

+ high degree of control
+ random assignment
+ careful measurement or observation
- relatively short time
- measures may seem “artifical”
- social desirability/ demand characteristics

28
Q

Field Setting evaluation

A
  • less control
    + high realism
29
Q

How might you overcome issues of external validity?

A

Replication - repeated research with many different populations and settings, and across different cultures.

30
Q

How might you ensure the tranferability of a qualitative study?

A

Ensure you thoroughly describe research context and assumptions of the research. It enables the next researcher to consider and make judgement regarding viability of the transfer.

31
Q

What kind of bias might a psychologist bring to their study?

A

Personal attitudes.
Morale and religious views
Cultural traditions

The Study of Human Interaction (12 decks)

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