Week 14 - Antisocial Behaviour

Question 1

prosocial behaviour

Answer 1

voluntary behaviour intended to benefit others, such as by helping, sharing with, or comforting

Question 2

origins of prosocial behaviour

Answer 2

rooted in capacity to feel empathy and sympathy - need to take perspective of others - can be done by 14 months

Question 3

development of prosocial behaviour

Answer 3

14 mo - become distressed when seeing upset people
18-25 mo - share personal objects with adults
1-2yo - more like to comfort someone who is upset than become upset
2-3-4yo - help adult get something out of reach

3-4yo more likely to provide verbal reassurance or assistance

Question 4

cooperation

Answer 4

driven by sense of fairness
14mo
divide prizes evenly if given to children unevenly

Question 5

evolutionary factors of prosocial behaviour

Answer 5

argue that humans are predisposed to be prosocial because collaboration for food foraging ensures survival - 2 year olds happier when giving treats than receiving

Question 6

genetic factors and prosocial behaviour

Answer 6

more similar empathy and prosocial behaviour in MZ twins

certain genes are associated with differences in oxytocin which is associated with prosocial behaviour

role of genetics increases with age

Question 7

temperament and prosocial behaviour

Answer 7

ability to regulate emotion associated with empathy and sympathy

children good w emotion more likely to act prosocially

preschoolers who are very shy are less likely to intervene and help

Question 8

modeling and prosocial behaviour

Answer 8

children imitate helping and sharing behaviour - especially with adults they have a positive relationship with

rescuers 7x more likely to report they were taught values relating to caring

Question 9

opportunities for prosocial activities

Answer 9

providing for opportunities to engage in helpful activities increases willingness to take on prosocial tasks at a later time

students involved in community helping at 17 predicted more importance of prosocial values

forcing can backfire and reduce motivation

Question 10

discpline and parenting and prosocial behaviour

Answer 10

constructive and supportive parenting - authoritative - associated with higher prosocial behaviour - could be prosocial children eliciting more suppirt

parental support and attachment to child - predictive

authoritarian - antisocial behaviour and lack of sympathy

Question 11

the way prosocial behaivour is elicited matters

Answer 11

if punished for not engaging in prosocial - may believe helping others is to avoid punishment

if rewarded - may not help without reward

Question 12

reasoning

Answer 12

maternal use of reasoning oriented toward others increases prosocial behaviour even for 1-2 year olds

Question 13

peer influences and pro social behaviour

Answer 13

can learn and practice morals, fairness, justice, sharing, taking turns, conflict resolution - translates into prosocial behaviour

Question 14

interventions and prosocial behaviour

Answer 14

experience in helping and cooperating with others, exposure to prosocial values, adults use of reasoning in discipline contribute to development of prosocial behaviour

Question 15

positive behavioural interventions and supports PBIS

Answer 15

at schools - aims to reduce negative behaviour and increase positive

based on learning theory principles - reward children caught behaving well

primary prevention - aimed to everyone - posters

secondary prevention - for at risk for problem behaviour - given extra attention and monitoring

teritary intervention - for those who consistently engage in antisocial behaviours - create individualized plan

Question 16

antisocial behaviour

Answer 16

disruptive, hostile, aggressive behaviour that violates social norms or rules and that harms or takes advantage of others

Question 17

aggression

Answer 17

subcategory of antisocial behaviour that involves acts intended tp physically or emotionally harm others

Question 18

development of aggression

Answer 18

12 mo - trying to tug objects
18 mo - hitting and pushing, possession of objects - increases until age 2 or 3
aggression decreases as language develops and emotional control

Question 19

instrumental aggression

Answer 19

aggression motivated by the desire to obtain a concrete goal

conflict between peers over possessions and with siblings over anything in preschool years

Question 20

relational aggression

Answer 20

harm others by damaging their peer relationships

preschool - excluding peers

theory of mind predicts

Question 21

hostile aggression

Answer 21

desire to hurt another person or protect oneself against threat against self esteem

elementary school children can develop frequent and serious problems with aggression and antisocial behaviour at this age

children who engage in physical aggression also tend to engage in relational aggression

violent crime peaks at 17

Question 22

neurological deficits

Answer 22

aggression from early life, hyperactivity, attention issues

attention issues make it difficult to consider all the options

delay in cortical maturation for callous unemotional traits

Question 23

genetics and antisocial behaviour

Answer 23

runs in families
genes determine frequency and stability of physical aggression during preschool
heredity greater for proactive aggression

Question 24

temperament and antisocial behaviour

Answer 24

exhibit difficult temperament and lack of self regulatory skills from a very early age

lack of control, impulsivity, high activity level, irritability, distractibility

Question 25

hostile attribution biases

Answer 25

childrens aggressive behaviours are a reaction to how they interpret social situations

aggressive lens, see others as wanting to harm them, goals are more likely to be hostile

Question 26

children describing aggressive behaviour

Answer 26

more likely to describe it as a natural reaction - “he crashed his sled into me”

Question 27

reactive vs proactive aggression

Answer 27

reactive - emotionally driven, hostile aggression - perceive others motives as hostile

proactive - aimed at fulfilling a need or desire - anticipate positive social consequences for aggression

Question 28

parental punitiveness and antisocial behaviour

Answer 28

using harsh physical punishment, cold, punitive, with difficult temperament, angry = problem behaviours, aggression, criminality

spanking predicts increases in aggression in all racial groups

parents who use abusive punishment are models for their children

reciprocal in nature

Question 29

passive gene environment correlation and aggression

Answer 29

parents whose genes predispose them to aggressive or punitive parenting will pass those genes to their children

Question 30

poor parental monitoring and antisocial behaviour

Answer 30

parental monitoring reduces change that older children will associated with deviant peers

makes it more likely that parents will know if their children are engaging in antisocial behaviour

Question 31

parental conflict and antisocial behaviour

Answer 31

children exposed to arguments - more antisocial

conflict is modelled to children

embattled spouses are less skilled and responsive

marital hostility predicts hostile parenting which predicts children’s aggression

Question 32

socioeconomic status and antisocial behaviour

Answer 32

greater number of stressors - in the family and neighborhood violence

low income parents - rejecting, low in warmth, erratic, threatening, lax

low SES associated with single parent or being unplanned

Question 33

peer influences on antisocial behaviour

Answer 33

being exposed to violence leads to more violence - peers model and reinforce antisocial behaviour

antisocial behaviour peaks grade 8-9 then declines

peer approval of relational aggression increases in middle school

less acculturated - less susceptible to peer pressure

Question 34

biology and socializaton on antisocial behaviour

Answer 34

under poor conditions, children with certain variants of dopamine receptor genes, serotonin transporter, or MAOA genes are more aggressive - also are less aggressive when in supportive environment

Question 35

interventions for aggressive and antisocial children

Answer 35

psychotherapty, drug therapy
involve parents - teach them how to manage their own behaviour while interacting with children
community based - in school, special curriculum that teaches emotions, positive behaviour, self control, problem solving