Important Studies

Question 1

Evans et al. 2011 Cross sectional design

Answer 1

3, 4 and 5year olds
Development of lying
All children lied, 5 year olds more often, lying sophistication increased with age - 4 and 5 year olds are more strategic

Question 2

Kisilevsky et al 2003 fetal learning

Answer 2

No voice-voice of mother or stranger-no voice
Fetus learns, prefers and remembers mothers voice

Question 3

Mennella et al 2001 taste learning

Answer 3

Pregnant women drank carrot juice for three weeks towards end of pregnancy

When tested around 5 1/2 months, the babies reacted more positively to cereal prepared with carrot juice vs water
Persistent effect of prenatal learning

Question 4

Capsi et al 2002 MAOA gene

Answer 4

Young men who experienced severe maltreatment were more likely to engage in antisocial behaviour
Effect was much stronger for those with a relatively inactive MAOA gene

Question 5

Causal understanding - Krascum and Andrew’s 1998

Answer 5

Categorization involves the use of inference about functional features and their cause-effect relationships

Children remember categorizations better with this

Question 6

Esther Thalen - dynamic systems

Answer 6

differences in infants physiology, activity level, arousal, motivation, experience - different challenges in mastering reaching

some changes were rapid, some continuous