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Microbio > Week 13 Quiz > Flashcards

Week 13 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is sars-cov 2?

A

+ single stranded RNA virus

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2
Q

What are the three types of viral structures?

A

Helical, icosahedral, complex

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3
Q

What is another word for the protein coat?

A

Capsid

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4
Q

How are enveloped viruses released?

A

Budding

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5
Q

Which virus is more resistant to heat, acid, drying?

A

Non-enveloped

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6
Q

What are the two types of bacteriophages?

A

Lytic and temperate (lysogenic)

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7
Q

How can enveloped viruses enter a host cell?

A

Fusion or endocytosis

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8
Q

True or false - viruses can contain both DNA and RNA

A

False

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9
Q

Are viruses considered infectious agents or organisms?

A

Infectious agents

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10
Q

What are the two classifications of viruses (based on the type of cell they infect)?

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic

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11
Q

What is the name of the viral particle?

A

Virion

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12
Q

Capsid composed of simple identical subunits called…

A

Capsomeres

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13
Q

Capsid + nucleic acids

A

Nucleocapsid

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14
Q

What are the five steps of the infection cycle of animal viruses?

A

Attachment, entry, synthesis, assembly, release

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15
Q

How must non-enveloped viruses enter the cell?

A

Endocytosis

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16
Q

What is it called when nuclei acid separates from protein coat?

A

Uncoating

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17
Q

Where do RNA viruses replicate?

A

Cytoplasm

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18
Q

What enzyme is required in RNA virus replication?

A

Replicase

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19
Q

Which strand of RNA can also serve as mRNA?

A

+ssRNA

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20
Q

Which strand of RNA is complement to mRNA?

A

-ssRNA

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21
Q

What enzyme allows DNA to be made from RNA?

A

Transcriptase

22
Q

What happens if cell is infected with two strains?

A

Re-assortment

23
Q

How are non-enveloped viruses released?

A

When host cell dies, often by apoptosis

24
Q

Which infection lasts the life of the host?

A

Latent

25
Q

In tumors, what stimulates cell growth and division?

A

Proto-oncogenes

26
Q

Name of viruses that can cause cancer in humans

A

Oncoviruses

27
Q

Name of cancer-fighting viruses

A

Oncolytic

28
Q

RNA must be in what orientation to be translated?

A

+/sense

29
Q

What are prions made up of?

A

Only protein, no nucleic acids

30
Q

True or false - prions are resistant to heat and chemical treatments

A

True

31
Q

Which proteins protrude from surface of sars-cov 2?

A

S proteins

32
Q

What do S proteins on sars-cov 2 bind to on the host cell?

A

ACE2

33
Q

What stage of COVID-19 could a cytokine storm occur?

A

Stage 3

34
Q

What is stage 1 of covid-19?

A

Asymptomatic

35
Q

What is the term used for disease manifestations that linger after SARS -cov 2?

A

Long COVID

36
Q

What are the four coordinated response measures for COVID-19?

A

Testing, isolation, contact tracing, quarantine

37
Q

Are there any variants of high consequence in the US?

A

No

38
Q

Do vaccines induce artificial (active or passive) immunity?

A

Active

39
Q

What are added to vaccines to help induce a better response?

A

Adjuvants

40
Q

What helps vaccines maintain their effectiveness during storage?

A

Stabilizers

41
Q

How many people need to be vaccinated to have herd immunity?

A

80-90 percent

42
Q

Which vaccines are a weakened form of pathogen?

A

Attenuated

43
Q

True or false - inactivated vaccines usually require several boosters?

A

True

44
Q

Which vaccine has toxins treated to destroy toxic part, retain antigenic epitopes?

A

Toxoid

45
Q

Which vaccines are treated with formalin and contain killed microorganisms or inactivated viruses?

A

Inactivated whole agent vaccines

46
Q

Which vaccines consist of key protein antigens or antigenic fragments from pathogen?

A

Subunit

47
Q

Subunit vaccines produced using genetically engineered microorganisms

A

Recombinant subunit

48
Q

Vaccines containing empty capsids produced by genetically engineered organisms

A

VLP (virus-like particle)

49
Q

Vaccines containing polysaccharides from capsules

A

Polysaccharide

50
Q

Which vaccines teach the body how to make proteins in order to trigger an immune response?

A

mRNA

Microbio (10 decks)

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