Week 12 (Flavian Dynasty, Pompeii, Ostia, and Domestic Architecture) Flashcards
Year of the Four Emperors
- Galba: proconsul in Spain hailed emperor by troops, killed in conspiracy by Otho
- Otho: governor of Spanish province, fan of Nero
- Vitellius: governor of Germania, defeats ____ in battle
- Vespasian: equestrian & general in ______, defeats Vitellius in battle
Otho
Judaea
Vespasian (69-79 AD)
- founder of the _______ dynasty
- Practical in domestic, foreign affairs (rooted out corrupt provincial governors and Roman magistrates)
- Higher _____ (ex. vectigal urinae)
- Began the construction of the Flavian Amphitheater (known today as the _________) on the pond of Nero’s Domus Aurea
- Creation of a new _____ (Templum Pacis) that displayed statues & spoils from the ______ revolt
- Foreign policy: settled veterans in the Balkans (ex. Deultum in Thrace); oversaw the end of the Jewish Revolt (66-73 AD) alongside his son _____ + Siege of Masada (73 AD)
Flavian
taxes
Colosseum
forum, Jewish
Titus
Titus (79-81 AD)
- well-liked but dies early from illness
- authorized evacuations after the eruption of Mt. ________
- Building projects: Temple of Divine _________, _____ of Titus (earliest known imperial-style baths at Rome), finished third story of Colosseum (dedicated with 100 days of games))
Vesuvius
Vespasian, Baths
Domitian (81-96 AD)
- Capable but strict administrator, funded construction in provinces, and extensive building activity at Rome
- Finished the Colosseum, Baths of Titus, Temple of Divine Vespasian
- Built stadium in Campus Martius, Arch of _____ (including personification of Roman citizens and the Senate), Forum Transitorium, Domus Augstana/Flavia (Palace on ________ Hill), public section Domus Flavia for conducting business, private section Domus Augustana
- Domitian alienated the ______ and many elites by acting like an absolute ruler instead of princeps: killed in conspiracy of praetorian prefects, palace staff, senators, wife
- Senate declared ________ ________ (name + images erased from public, ex. Cancellaria Reliefs)
Titus, Palatine
Senate
damnatio memoriae
Women Portraits
- idealized naturalism, clothing and hairstyles of imperial family emulated by elite women around Rome’s empire
- Overall, more grand, bold hairstyles
- Ex. Statue of Flavian Woman as _____
Venus
Pompeii
- founded 7th-6th cent. BC by the Oscans
- Campanians expanded the town c. late 5th - 3rd cent BC
- Conquered by the Romans in ___ BC
- Site of Roman colony of veterans founded by _____ in 80 BC
- Notable public buildings & spaces: the Stabian _____ (built 2nd cent. BC)
- features: apodyterium (________ rooms), frigidarium (____ room), tepidarium (____ room), caldarium (___ room), hypocaust floor heating)
- taberna = typical ____
290
Sulla
Baths
changing, cold, warm, hot
shop
Pompeii continued
- Domus = _____ private house
- Main hall = ______, entrance = ______, central ____ opening = compluvium, water collection = impluvium
- 2-3 multifunctional rooms (cubicula) aside atrium, side ______ rooms (triclinia), central master bedroom (tablinum)
- 2nd cent. BC & later: peristyle courtyards and gardens added onto houses (ex. House of the ____)
elite
atrium, fauces, roof
dining
Faun
Pompeii continued
- Frescoes at Pompeii categorized into four styles by August Mau
- First “Masonry” Style: common c. late 2nd cent. BC (ex. House of Sallust)
- Second style c. 80 BC: more ornate and impressive (ex. Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale)
- Third style c. late 1st cent. BC - mid 1st cent. AD: more delicate features (ex. wall painting from the _____ _____ (Nero’s House))
- Fourth style (beg. c. 62-79 AD): blend of second and third styles (ex. House of the Vettii, Pentheus Room)
Domus Aurea
Ostia
- Main ____ of Rome at mouth of _____ River
- Most common housing = multi-storied apartment buildings (______)
- Most often 3-5 stories (size and quality of apartment _________ by floor)
port, Tiber
insula
decreased
