Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > week 12 > Flashcards

week 12 Flashcards

1
Q

ascending pathways are important in assessing

A

gait, cerebellar function, postural responses, prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

all sensory modalities come into CNS via

A

aferent neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

some afferent neurons initiate

A

relfexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

all ascending pathways travel up cord to reach

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most ascending pathways synapse on

A

ascending projection neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

some travel directly from

A

cord to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

afferent modalities important to us

A

nociception and proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

all ascending pathways start at

A

a receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ascending pathways are _____

A

pseudounipolar, GP, GSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most ascending pathways synapse on

A

neuron in dorsal gray horn (interneuron for reflex or ascending projection neuron to brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

location of ascending pathways in spinal cord

A

in dorsal and lateral funiculi (especially superficially in lateral);

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why could this placement be a problem

A

compression; afferent damaged first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

there are ____ proprioceptive tracts

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

conscious tracts travel to

A

thalamus, then parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

unconscious tracts travel to

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

are pelvic limb tracts more superficial or less superfacial than other prsts

A

more superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

unconscious proprioception is composed of how many tracts

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

all unconscious prprioceptive tracts carry proprioceptive information to

A

cerebellum (from same side of body to same side of cerebellum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dorsal and ventral spinocerebelar tracts are both from

A

pelvic limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

both travel up the _____ into cerebellumc

A

caudal peduncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dorsal spinocerebrellar on

A

same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ventral spinocerebellar on

A

opposite side; but crosses back in cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cuneocerebellar, rostral spinocerebellar and cervicospinocerebellar tracts all carry information from

A

thoracic limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which ones do not synapse on APN

A

cuneocerebellar tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fasciculus cuneous

A

lateral part of dorsal funiculus in which the cuneocerebellar tract travels; travels up caudal peduncle into cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

rostral spinocerebellar and cervicocerebllar tracts cary info from

A

thoracic limbs and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how many major conscious proprioceptive tracts are tehre

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

conscious proprioceptive tracts ultimately carry information to

A

parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

conscious afferent proprioceptive neurons dont synapse in

A

cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

all conscious proprioceptive tracts traevl to

A

medulla to snapse on interneurons; interneurons will ascend brainstem in a specific tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pathway of conscious proprioceptive tracts

A

to mthalamus, relay neuron, pareital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

conscious propreioceptive tract cross over?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

fasciculus gracillis carries

A

conscious proprioception from pelvic limb on same side to medulle; synapse on interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where do fasciculus gracillis axons cross

A

rostrally in medulla lumniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

fasciculus cuneatus

A

pretty much same as px

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

spinomedullary tract carries info from

A

pelvic limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

spinocervicothalamic tract

A

all four limbs and flank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

doesa lall conscious proprioception croos in medulla

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what to look for with ataxia

A

hea, neck, body posture
limb placement
wide stance
limb movement: too high or not high enough?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

compressive cord lesions include

A

herniated disc

tumor vertebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

large fibers function in

A

proprioception

42
Q

large fibers signs with increasing compression

A

proprioceptive deficis

43
Q

progonosis when large fibers comrpressed

A

good

44
Q

medium sized fibers function in

A

voluntary movement

45
Q

signs with increasing compression of medium sized fibers

A

paresis, paralysis

46
Q

prognosis of paressis, paralysiss

A

fiar

47
Q

small fiber size function

A

superficial pain

48
Q

signs of increasing compression of small fibers

A

loss of cutaneous sensation

49
Q

prognosis of small fiber compression

A

fair

50
Q

extra small fiber function

A

deep pain

51
Q

prognsosis with extra small fiber compression

A

poor

52
Q

nociception is used for

A

prognosis; not localization

53
Q

if deep pain is present after trauma

A

90-95% chance of restoring some function

54
Q

deep pain absent after trauma

A

5-10% chance

55
Q

disc herniation deep pain absent

A

more than 5-% change

56
Q

mosat important tract in ma is the

A

lateral spinothalamic tract; (1p0% crossover)

57
Q

in domestics, travel

A

all nocicpetive tracts scattered in all funcuiculus

58
Q

pain from head

A

trigeminal nerve to trigeminal ganglion to pons

59
Q

fibers in spinal tract of CN V synapse on

A

neurons in nucleus spinal tract of CN V

60
Q

Axons from CN V travel

A

to thalamus, internal capsule, parietal lobe

61
Q

unilateral forebrain lesion

A

fairly normal pain sensation from limbs/trunk (may see controlateral)

62
Q

CN V crossover

A

100%

63
Q

normal mentation starts in

A

brainstem

64
Q

reticular ____

A

formation

65
Q

all sensory projection neurons feed into

A

reticular formation

66
Q

neurons from RF send axons to

A

thalamus

67
Q

relay neurons from thalamus send fibers to

A

all cerebral cortical areas

68
Q

ascending reticular activating system keeps cortex ____

A

awake “seat of consciousness”

69
Q

to see changes in mentation with forebrain lesion, must be

A

severe and/ or diffuse (generalized)

70
Q

gait

A

how an animal moves

71
Q

what is needed for gait

A

all components of NS needed (spinal cord, brainstem, vestibular and cerebellar)

72
Q

to walk normally you need

A 
brainstem (umn centers)
cerebellum
vestibular system
proprioceptive tracts
 UMN tracts
LMN tracts
muscles
73
Q

distinguish neurological cases from

A

musculoskeletal

74
Q

what is tone

A

small amount of muscle contraction

75
Q

tone is under control of

A

muscle spindles

76
Q

sensitivity of spindles under control of

A

UMN

77
Q

UMN are inhibitory to

A

Gamma efferents without UMN

78
Q

wihtout umns, spindles are

A

super sensitive

79
Q

how is tone assessed

A

by palpating all muscle groups

80
Q

assessment of extensor muscles

A

can they bear weight?
hopping and hemiwalking
sway test
compression of withers/croup

81
Q

flexor muscles

A

withdrawal relfex (hold on to foot and assess strength)

82
Q

postural responses go to

A

forebrain

83
Q

in unilateral forebrain disease, deficits on

A

opposite side

84
Q

one umn center in forebrain responsible for

A

adjusting posture

85
Q

all postural responses use

A 
afferent neurons (GP)
ascending proprioceptive tracts
forebrain and cerebellum
descending UMN tracts
LMN (GSE)
muscles
86
Q

are postural responses useful in localizing lesions

A

no

87
Q

proprioceptive positioning

A

support weight of animal so doesnt lose strength

knuckle paw over and set in place on dorsum (normal animal will quickly reposition paw)

88
Q

proprioceptive positioning horse

A

can pick up foot and drop it, catch foot; can watch feet going over curbs

89
Q

hopping

A

support animal so all weight is on one limb;
support abdomen in hand and pull hind limbs off ground
then support one thoracic limb
hopping
shift dog to make sure weight is on midline
hop laterally and forward
medially doesnt work well;
also tests strenght

90
Q

hopping in horse

A

cant support weight but can hop them

91
Q

wheelbarrowing tests

A

tests everything from T2 cranially

92
Q

wheelbarrowing

A

support animals pelvic limbs
walk forward on thoracic limbs
look for normal movement and symmetry
then, pick up head so they cant see feet

93
Q

extensor postural thrust

A

hands under thoracic limb
slowly lower pelvic limbs
animal should take steps backward
look for extension of pelvic limbs

94
Q

wheelbarrowing in horse

A

walk horse down hill

95
Q

extensor postural thrust

A

lift limbs on one side
walk animal away from you (laterally)look for normal symmetrical movement
also tests strength

96
Q

extnesor postural thrust in horse

A

can grab halter and tail, and push away from you

97
Q

placing

A 
do tactile first
blind fold/cover eyes
bring dorsum of paw to edge of table
once paw makes cantact they shuld pick up paw and place on table
then do visual
difficult to pick up deficits
98
Q

tonic neck

A

elevate head and should see hindlimb flexion and forelimb extension; lower head and should see opposite;

99
Q

tonic neck utilizes

A

vestibular system

100
Q

horse tonic neck

A

cant do

101
Q

righting

A

if annimal is up and walking, you know they can right themselves

102
Q

sway test

A

can you sway him by pulling tail to one side

Neuroanatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions