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A&P 1 UNCW > Week 12 > Flashcards

Week 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Modality

A

Photoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

Chemoreceptors

Thermoreceptors

Nociceptors

Noxious

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2
Q

Receptor Potentials

A

Potentials generated by direct or indirect depolarization of the sensory cell

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3
Q

Sensory Coding

A

Signals received by receptors are coded into signals that the brain can interpret (digital combinatorial)

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4
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

Sensory receptors become less sensitive in continued presence of stimulus

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5
Q

1

A

Olfactory Tract

Axons of mitral cells that carry olfactory information to the cortex

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6
Q

2

A

Mitral Cell

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7
Q

3

A

Glomerulus

Bundles of synapses between sensory neurons and mitral cells

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8
Q

4

A

Olfactory nerve

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9
Q

5

A

Olfactory sensory neurons

Cilia protrude downwards into nasal cavity; Axons protrude upwards and synapse with mitral cells.

Cilia are covered in chemoreceptor protein GPCRs

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10
Q

Transduction

A

Environmental stimulus becomes something the nervous system can interpret

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11
Q

Auricle

A

Helps direct sounds

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12
Q

External Acoustic Meatus

A

Directs sound waves to tympanic membrane

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13
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Transfers wound wave to ossicles

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14
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

Three bones that transmit the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea

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15
Q

Oval Window

A

Transmits sound waves to cochlea

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16
Q

Cochlea

A

Contains hair cells; responds to sound vibrations

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17
Q

Round Window

A

Allows fluid in cochlea to move/vibrate

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18
Q

Auditory Tube

A

Connects with nasal passages

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19
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

Detects angular acceleration

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20
Q

Amplitude

A

Vertical distance between peak and valley sound wave (pressure)

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21
Q

Pitch

A

Perception of the frequency of sound waves in Hz

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22
Q

Amplitude

A

Loud Vs. Soft

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23
Q

1

A

Oval Window

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24
Q

2

A

Cochlea

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25
Q

1

A

Olfactory Tract

26
Q

2

A

Mitral Cell

27
Q

3

A

Glomerulus

28
Q

4

A

Olfactory Nerve

29
Q

5

A

Olfactory Sensory Neurons

30
Q

GPCRS

A

G-Protein Coupled Receptors

31
Q

3 Subunits of G-Protein and what do they do?

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma; Converts GTP to GDP

32
Q

Olfactory Transduction

A

Odorant ligand activates odor receptor - GPCR signal transduction - Activation of Aden late cyclase - Increased local levels of cAMP- cAMP-gated channel opens - Olfactory sensory neuron depolarizes

33
Q

Olfactory tract carries signals to various parts of the brain such as …

A

The olfactory cortex and amygdala

34
Q

Auricle

A

Helps direct sound waves to tympanic membrane

35
Q

External Acoustic Meatus

A

Direct sound waves to tympanic membrane

36
Q

Auditory Ossicles

A

Three bones that transmit the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea

37
Q

Oval Window

A

Transmits sound waves to cochlea

38
Q

Round Window

A

Allows fluid in cochlea to move/vibrate

39
Q

Auditory Tube

A

Connects with nasal passages

40
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Detect angular acceleration

41
Q

Amplitude

A

Vertical distance between peak and valley of a sound wave (pressure)

42
Q

Pitch

A

Perception of the frequency of sound waves in Hz

43
Q

Middle Ear step 1 to sound wave movement

A

Sound vibrates the tympanic membrane and moves the malleus

44
Q

Middle Ear step 2 to sound wave movement

A

The vibration travels through the incus and stapes. Note that the shape and orientations of the three ossicles and adapted to amplify the vibrations.

45
Q

Middle Ear Step 3 sound wave movement

A

The stapes pushes on the oval window generating waves inside the fluid-filled cochlea that exit through the round window.

46
Q

1

A

Malleus

47
Q

2

A

Incus

48
Q

3

A

Stapes

49
Q

4

A

Oval Window

50
Q

5

A

Round Window

51
Q

6

A

Auditory Tube

52
Q

7

A

Tympanic Membrane

53
Q

Which of these areas of the brain receives impulses associated with the olfactory sense?

A

Limbic system

54
Q

The smell receptors use the same activation mechanism as which taste receptors?

A

Sweet, Bitter, and Umam

55
Q

1

A

Retina pigment epithelium (RPE)

56
Q

2

A

Photoreceptor outer and inner segments

57
Q

3

A

Outer limiting membrane

58
Q

4

A

Photoreceptor Neuclei

59
Q

5

A

Photoreceptor synaptic bodies

60
Q

6

A

Bipolar cell nuclei

61
Q

Why does the RPE need to phagocytoses (“eat”) parts of the photoreceptor outer segments?

A

because they collect and recycle damaged cellular material and proteins

62
Q

Which features distinguishes the wet form of macular degeneration from the dry?

A

Blood Vessels and bleeding

A&P 1 UNCW (15 decks)

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