Joints and Kinesiology Flashcards
Range of Motion
The normal extent of mobility for a specific joint movement.
Degrees of Freedom
The number of axes at which movement in a joint occurs/
Stability Vs. Mobility
The more mobile a joint the more likely it is to get injuered/
3 Types of Joints
Fibrous (Sutures and Fontanels), Cartilaginous (Pubic Symphysis), Synovial (Unilateral, Bilateral, and Multiaxial)
Anatomy of a Synovial Joint Superficial to Deep
Ligaments, Joint Capsule, Synovial Membrane, Synovial fluid, Articular cartilage, and Bone
Uniaxial Joint Types
Hinge and Pivot
Biaxial Joints Types
Condyloid, Saddle, Gliding
Multiaxial Type
Ball-and Socket
A. Dorsiflexion B. Plantarflexion
- Flexion 2. Extension
Up: Abduction Down: Adduction
Circumduction
Special Movements
supination/pronation, inversion/eversion, opposition, retraction/protraction, elevation/depression
Left: Supination Right: Pronation
Left: Eversion Right: Inversion
Oposition
Top: Protraction Bottom: Retraction
Left: Elevation Right: Depression
A
Humeroulnar Joint
B
Humeroradial
C
Radialulnar
3
Olecranon
View
Posterior
View
Anterior
Trochlea
Origin
Muscle’s proximal attachment
Insertion
Muscle’s distal attachment
Agonist
Muscle group most directly involved in movement
Antagonist
Opposing muscle group; slows down limbs during fast movement.
Synergist
Muscle that stabilizes the body during movement but are not responsible for the movement.
4
Bicep
9
Abdominals
12
Quadriceps
7
Pectoralis
2
Trapezius
5
Triceps
1 Muscle that is underneath the muscle indicated.
Erector Spinae
11
Gluteus Maximus
16
Hamstrings
18
Gastrocnemius
3
Deltoids
What is it and what does it do?
Brachioradialis: Flexes the elbow
What is it and what does it do?
Anconeus: Stabilizes elbow during extension
3
Brachialis
Isotonic Contractions
Generation of muscle force with constant muscle tension and change in muscle length.
Concentric
Isotonic Contraction: Shortening
Eccentric
Isotonic Contraction: Lengthening
Isometric Contractions
Activation muscle contraction without changing the muscle length.
Concentric muscle action
Eccentric muscle action
Isometric muscle contraction
Class, Definition, and joint example
First Class Lever; Applied and resistant forces on opposite sides of the fulcrum; Jaw
Class, Definition, and example
Second Class Lever; Resistance lies between the applied force and the fulcrum; Ankle
Class, Definition, and example
Third Class Lever; Force is applied between the resistance and the fulcrum; Elbow
True or Fales: The sternocostal joints have fewer degrees of freedom that the glenohumeral joint.
False
True or False: The sternocostal joints have a smaller range of motion than the glenohumeral joint.
True
What are the possible joint movements at the elbow?
Pronation/Supination and Flextion/Extention
Which muscles extend the elbow?
Triceps brachii
Which muscles flex the elbow?
Bicep Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis
When successfully holding Yoga poses like navasana (boat pose), the engaged muscles are in _______________ contraction.
Isometric
Left: Valgus Middle: Normal Right: Varus
Which ligament complex prevents valgus distortion of the elbow joint?
Medial collateral ligament
Which ligament complex prevents varus distortion of the elbow?
Lateral collateral ligament
During flexion and extension of the elbow joint, the ______________ of the ulna rotates around the _____________ of the humerus and fits into the _______________ at the full extension.
Trochlear Notch; Trochlea; Olecranon Fossa
Which anatomical features serve to reduce friction and protect the bone during flexion and extension of the elbow?
Synovial fluid and articular hyaline cartilage.
