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A&P 1 UNCW > Exam 3 Part 2 The Brain > Flashcards

Exam 3 Part 2 The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Are the Cranial nerves part of the PNS or CNS?

A

PNS

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2
Q

Are nuclei white matter or gray matter?

A

Gray

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3
Q

Which is NOT part of the lambic system?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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4
Q

True or False: The somatosensory cortex is part of the parietal lobe whereas the motor cortex is part of the frontal lobe.

A

True

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5
Q

Which types of fibers travel through the corpus collosum?

A

Commissural Fibers

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6
Q

Why is the cerebral cortex foliated?

A

To allow head size to remain small while the amount of gray matter increases.

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7
Q

Which activities are under control of the anterior lobe?

A

Planning/practicing/learning complex movements
Posture/locomotion/fine motor coordination

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8
Q

The special arterial structure at the base of the brain that helps to preserve continuous blood supply to the brain is called _________________.

A

The circle of Willis

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9
Q

Which arteries directly supply oxygenated blood to the circle of Willis?

A

Internal carotid
Vertebral

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10
Q

The two vertebral arteries merge to form the ___________ artery.

A

Basilar

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11
Q

When you stand, blood pressure in your head drops due to the force of gravity. The ______________ reflex prevents you from passing out when you stand.

A

Orthostatice

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12
Q

Which is the best explanation of how Purkinje cell interprets information?

A

The likelihood of an action potential in the Purkinje cell depends on the number and strength of incoming EPSPs and IPSPs.

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13
Q

The cerebella’s cortex is highly foliated. This dramatically increases total surface area of the cerebellum. While the cerebral cortex is also foliated to degree of foliation is much less. Which difference can we infer based on the degree of foliation in the cerebral cortex vs. the cerebellar cortex?

A

The ratio of gray matter to white matter is higher in the cerebellum.

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14
Q

Which behavior(s) is/are likely to depend heavily on the anterior lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Remaining upright while sitting
Extending arm and finger to touch a small target

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15
Q

1

A

Corpus Callosum

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16
Q

2

A

Cerebrum

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17
Q

3

A

Cerebral Cortex

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18
Q

4

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

5

A

Hypothalamus

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20
Q

6

A

Forebrain (Diencephalon)

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21
Q

7

A

Midbrain

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22
Q

8

A

Superior Colliculi

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23
Q

9

A

Tegmentum

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24
Q

10

A

Inferior Colliculi

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25
Q

11

A

Reticular Formation

26
Q

12

A

Cerebellum

27
Q

13

A

Hindbrain

28
Q

14

A

Pons

29
Q

15

A

Medulla

30
Q

16

A

Brain Stem (Diencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain)

31
Q

17

A

Pituitary gland

32
Q

Red Section What is it and what does it do?

A

Frontal Lobe

Motivation, Foresight, Planning, Mood, Creating, Imagining, and Social Judgement

33
Q

Blue Section
What is it and what does it do?

A

Parietal Lobe
General senses, Taste, Some Visual

34
Q

Orange/Brown Section
What is it and what does it do?

A

Occipital Lobe
Visual Center

35
Q

Green Section
What is it and what does it do?

A

Temporal Lobe
Hearing, Smell, Learning, Memory, Emotion

36
Q

Purple Section
What is it and what does it do?

A

Lambic Lobe
Language, Taste, Visceral receptors, Memory, Emotion, Learning

37
Q

The Brain Stem

A

Most evolutionary ancient part of the brain

Links spinal cord to forebrain

Involved heavily in unconscious or semi-conscious behaviors (posture, breathing, integration of visual and auditory stimuli, and muscle memory)

38
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Web of fibers in hindbrain linked with long fibers that bring signals from nearly all parts of the brain.

Modulates sensory information

Sensitizes or Desensitizes the cerebrum to stimuli through excitatory or inhibitory signaling

39
Q

The Thalamus

A

Part of the four brain; receives input for all senses except smell

Lots of information passes through here and gets rerouted to another location

Generates a very ancient form of consciousness that you may experience resulting from sensory stimuli.

40
Q

Lambic System

A

Hypothalamus

Amygdala

Hippocampus

41
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Major endocrine tissue; controls pituitary gland
Hunger, thirst, body temp, sleep/wake cycle, rage/aggression, fight/flight
Epithalamus (Pineal gland)
Emotional and visceral responses to odors, light sensing

42
Q

Amygdala

A

Part of the limbic system; send projections to the hypothalamus

Processes smells and pheromones; receives inputs directly from olfactory bulbs and olfactory cortex

Involved in social inhibitions, aggression, sex drive, and facial recognition

Strongly associated with memories and behaviors linked to strong emotions, like fear

Amygdala size and characteristics have been associated with sexual orientation and political preferences.

43
Q

Hippocampus

A

Part of the limbic system

Associated with spatial memory and navigation, verbal memory, and learning of computational information

Site of formation of new memories; converts short term memories to long term memories

Association between hippocampus and amygdala may help explain conditions like PTSD

44
Q

The Cerebrum

A

Where complex information processing occurs

Sear of consciousness

Certain regions are associated with specific functions

Differences in function between hemispheres

45
Q

Sulcus

A

Small grooves or valley

46
Q

Gyrus

A

Elevated ridges or hills

47
Q

Fissures

A

Deep grooves or canyons

48
Q

Cortex

A

Outer layer

49
Q

Homunculus

A

Little Man

Graphic representation of sensory or motor regions based o brain surgery patients

Regions corresponding to sensory inputs or motor outputs are matched to a part of the body

50
Q

Association Fiber

A

Connects different parts of the cerebral cortex

51
Q

Commissural fiber

A

Connects left and right hemispheres

52
Q

Corpus Collosum

A

Contains 90% of the Commissural fibers

53
Q

Projection Fibers

A

Motor pathways leading out of the cerebrum

54
Q

Cerebral (Basal) Nuclei

A

Area of gray matter that are not cortical

Responsible for coordinating large, learned, semi-autonomous muscle activities

55
Q

Emergence

A

New properties emerge as the system grows in size and complexity

May appear magical or to defy the laws of physics. A “higher power” is often invoked as a necessary explanation.

Cannot be predicted by observing the components or component processes

56
Q

Perception Vs. Consciousness

A

The nematode can sense the presence of food, light, or mates. It can also decide what to do about it. It is not aware that it is making that decision or even that there is a decision to be made.

57
Q

Flocculonodular Lobe

A

Oldest part; control of balance and eye movement; inputs from vestibular apparatus of inner ear.

58
Q

Vermis

A

Posture, locomotion, fine motor coordination, smoot movements

59
Q

Anterior Lateral hemispheres

A

Planning, practicing, learning complex movements

60
Q

Posterior Lateral hemispheres

A

Executive functions and affective functions
Receives input exclusively from the cerebrum
Receives visual, auditory signals
Planning, working memory, and abstract reasoning
Language complexity and verbal fluency
Mediates “adult-like” behaviors, inhibitions, and social awareness

61
Q

The Purkinje Cell

A

One of the most distinctive cells in the brain

Extensive dendritic Tree

Each cell receives 150,000 to 200,000 inputs

Axons make as many as 1,000 contact each

19% of all the cells in the cerebellum

62
Q

How many more neurons does the Cerebellum have compared to the rest of the CNS?

A

At least 4 times more

A&P 1 UNCW (15 decks)

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