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CogBog Sem 1 End of Semester Exam > Week 11: Sleeping and Consciousness > Flashcards

Week 11: Sleeping and Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 components of attention are:

  1. Orienting to sensory stimuli
  2. Controlling behaviour and the cntents of consciousness
    and. ..
A

Maintaining alertness

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2
Q

What parts of the brain are involved in sleep and waking?

A

Pons, reticular formation, medulla oblongata

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3
Q

The ‘spotlight of attention’ areas of the brain are…

A

The prefrontal cortex and the thalamus

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4
Q

the first view of consciousness is the…

Discuss it

A

Psychodynamic view
-Freud - 3 levels of consciousness
Conscious - mental events of which you are aware
Preconscious - mental events that can be brought into consciousness
Unconscious - mental events we are unaware of

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5
Q

Perception below the threshold of consciousness is called…

A

subliminal perception

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6
Q

Subliminal perception can influence our…

A

behaviours and reactions (eg. subliminal advertising)

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7
Q

Or motivational systems can be…

A

Conscious (explicit) or unconscious (implicit)

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8
Q

The 2nd view of consciousness is the…

Explain it

A

The Cognitive view

  • Information processing operating outside of our consciousness
  • consciousness and working memory are used interchangeably
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9
Q

If someone is blindsighted, they have damage to…

A

The central part if the occipital cortex (tectum/other parts of thalamus)

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10
Q

What is happening when someone is blindsighted?

A

They are unable to see objects placed before them, but they can provide info about the shape of an object
- Die to a primitive visual system in the brain

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11
Q

Hindbrain and midbrain are important for…

A

arousal and sleep

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12
Q

Damage to the reticular formation can lead to…

A

coma

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13
Q

The key area for conscious control of information processing is…

A

The prefrontal cortex

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14
Q

What does the reticular formation do for us when we sleep?

A

It turns our attention to stimulus off.

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15
Q

The human body operates on what time loop/cycle?

A

25 hours

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16
Q

What frequency of beta-waves operate when we are awake?

A

15-20hz/second

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17
Q

What frequency of beta-waves operate when we are in stage 4 of deep sleep?

A

1-2hz/second

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18
Q

As we age, the amount of sleep we need…

A

decreases

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19
Q

What is the psychodynamic view on dreaming?

A 
Dreams reveal our unconscious.
Latent content (meaning) is revealed through manifest content (the dream)
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20
Q

What is the cognitive view on dreaming?

A

Dreams are a way of washing out the daily issues of the dreamer

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21
Q

What is the biological view on dreaming?

A

Dreams are in response to the random firing of neurons in the brain during sleep.
OR
The consolidation of new material

22
Q

What are some of the symptoms of insomnia?

A

tense, depressed, higher body temp, higher metablic rate

23
Q

What does the reticular formation allow in when we sleep?

A

Meaningful sounds (different to each individual) eg. crying baby

24
Q

Attending to 2 tasks at the same time is employing…

A

divided attention

25
Q

What are the 3 cycles of everyday consciousness?

A

Awake and Alert
• Daydreaming
• Sleep and dreaming

26
Q

In Theories of Dreaming, Freud viewed dreams as

A

wish fulfilment (satisfies unconscious needs)

27
Q

In Theories of Dreaming, Cartwright viewed dreams as

A

problem solving (we deal with major problems in our lives)

28
Q

In Theories of Dreaming, Hobson and McCarly viewed dreams as

A

Activation synthesis (a story is created to make sense of internal signals)

29
Q

What are some altered states of consciousness?

A
  • hypnosis
  • meditation
  • hallucination
30
Q

What is hypnotic analgesia?

A

gating pain

31
Q

The auditory cortex is activated to hear voices in patients with…

A

schizophrenia

32
Q

Returning to a hypnotized state when you hear a certain word is called…

A

posthypnotic suggestion

33
Q

Hypnosis does not increase ______, but it does increase __________.

A

accuracy of memory

confidence

34
Q

What are the 2 main functions of consciousness?

A
  1. monitoring the self

2. Controlling throught and behaviour

35
Q

At what stage of sleep do dreams occur?

A

REM

36
Q

What are 2 things that occur during meditation between 20-40 mins?

A
  1. decreased oxygen consumption

2. decreased carbon dioxide elimination

37
Q

The alertness component of consciousness is regulated by…

A

the reticular formation

38
Q

Different patterns of subjective experience are called…

A

states of consciousness

39
Q

Monitoring the self and regulating thought and behaviour are…

A

2 functions of consciousness

40
Q

Information processing mechanisms that operate outside of our awareness are called…

A

cognitive unconscious functions

41
Q

One of the strengths of the cognitive unconscious is…

A

the ability to operate simultaneously

42
Q

Where can consciousness be ‘found’

A

reticular activating system, cortex and thalamus

43
Q

human circadian rhythms are controlled by…

A

the hypothlamus

44
Q

PET scans show that conscious attention is initiated by the…

A

reticular formation

45
Q

Reflexive actions are not part of which view on cognition?

A

psychodynamic (Freud)

46
Q

The cognitive unconscious is equal to Freud’s notion of…

A

dynamic unconscious

47
Q

During NREM sleep, I am doing what?

A

forming and consolidating memories

48
Q

Cultual beliefs and expectations can be modified by…

A

cultural beliefs and expectations

49
Q

Dreaming about falling off a cliff around exam time was explained by which 2 theorists?

A

Freud and Foulkes

50
Q

I am erasing memories during which phase of sleep?

A

REM

51
Q

Lesions to the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe =

A

Unable to see an object placed before you
Can provide partial info about shape
Has an implicit ability to locate the object

52
Q

The gender most likely to dream about someone carrying a weapon is…

A

male

CogBog Sem 1 End of Semester Exam (8 decks)

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