week 11 lyndsays cards

Question 1

heart murmurs

Answer 1

malfunctioning heart valves which cause abnormal sounds as blood leaks the wrong way through them

Question 2

pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

Superior and Inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood into the heart at the right atrium. When the atrial pressure is greater than the ventrical pressure the AV valve oepns and blood flows into the right ventricle. Once the right ventricle fills up, it contracts and the blood flows up the pulmonary artery to the lungs and gets oxygegnated. Oxygenated blood comes through the plumonary vein into left atrium.

Question 3

superior vena cava

Answer 3

carries blood from the shoulders and up into the heart

Question 4

inferior vena cava

Answer 4

carries blood from the part of the body below the heart into the heart

Question 5

arteries

Answer 5

carry blood away from the heart - always oxygenated (except for the pulmonary artery)

Question 6

pulmonary vein

Answer 6

only vein that carreis oxygenated blood

Question 7

systemic circulation

Answer 7

when left atrium is full of blood from the lung via the pulmonary artery it is pumped throught the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From the left ventricle it is pumped through the semi lunar valve into the aorta.

Question 8

aorta

Answer 8

largest artery in the body, travels from heart to abdomen. Above the diaphragm is called thoracic aorta, below the diaphragm called abdominal aorta - branches off to everywhere.

Question 9

systolic blood pressure

Answer 9

a measure of the pressue against the arterial wall of the ventricular contraction and the ventricular relaxation

Question 10

arterioles

Answer 10

contract or relax to regulate the flow of blood to specific parts of the body. have a smooth muscle coating around their walls so they can constrict to push blood up or constict to decrease flow. ie in case of injury

Question 11

veins

Answer 11

collect blood from the capillaries and return it to the heart. pressure in veins is very low.

Question 12

varicose veins

Answer 12

result when the veins contain fulty valves which do not allow the efficient return of lbood to the heart.

Question 13

capillary wall

Answer 13

consists of a single layer of cells presenting only a thin barrier to the diffusion of materials between the blood and the cells in the surrounding tissue.

Question 14

lymph

Answer 14

tissue fluid that moves through the lymphatic system

Question 15

edema

Answer 15

a swelling of tissue due to a build up of lymph or increased capillary permeability as result of injury

Question 16

interstitial fluid

Answer 16

the plasma that diffuses through the capillary walls to bath the tissue

Question 17

intercostal muscles

Answer 17

located between the ribs, aids in inhalation.

Question 18

exhalation

Answer 18

is accomplished by the chest wall and diaphragm simply relaxing and returning to normal positions

Question 19

digestive system

Answer 19

organ system responsible for the processing and distribution of nutrients

Question 20

digestion

Answer 20

consists of mechanical processing, chemical processing and nutrient uptake

Question 21

mechanical processing

Answer 21

chewing to grind food particles into small pieces and increase their surface area and adding water to the food to further disperse the particles and provide the watery environment needed for the chemical processing

Question 22

bolus

Answer 22

food you out in your mouth, formed by the tongue and moved to the back of the oral cavity for swallowing

Question 22

epiglottis

Answer 22

flap of issue that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing preventing food from entering the trachea

Question 23

gastric juice

Answer 23

added to the food in the stomach containing enxymes and hydrochloric acid. has a low, very acid ph of 2

Question 24

pepsin

Answer 24

major enzyme in gastic joice which initiates the chemica lbreakdown of protien

Question 25

chyme

Answer 25

thourohgly mixed liquid in your stomach after digestion

Question 26

emulsification

Answer 26

the proicess by which the small fat particles broken down by bile is washed away, takes place in the duodenum

Question 27

gallbaldder

Answer 27

sores the bile secreted by the liver and releases it into the duodenum

Question 28

large intestine

Answer 28

home to a variety of bacteria some harmful like ecoli, some of which provid additional benefit by producing vitamins, also assists with reabsorption of liquid

Question 28

villi

Answer 28

finger like projections that line the surface of the intestinal track and increase the surface area.

Question 28

microvilli

Answer 28

the surface area of each villi is coverd with microvilli, increasing the surface area even more

Question 28

lacteal

Answer 28

a branch of the lymphatic system which utilizes the massive surface area of the villi of the intestine to efficiently uptak nutrients from the gut to the circulatory system