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NRSG 126 > Week #11 Elimination > Flashcards

Week #11 Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to are nephrons as we age

A

there are a decreased number of them so GFR is significantly reduced

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2
Q

What is normal GFR for younger person and then someone over 80

A

GFR can be 125 ml/min normally but then when someone is older than 80 it can drop to 60-70 mL/min

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3
Q

what is one reason the efficiency of kidneys is reduced with age

A

vessel hardening impacts perfusion

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4
Q

what is micturition

A

voiding or peeing

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5
Q

what is the normal output of urine for a person

A

at least 30 mL/hour or 1-2 L per day

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6
Q

what does BPH stand for and what does it mean

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
it is an enlarged prostate.

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7
Q

What are two normal changes to the bladder as you age

A

Less bladder capacity due to hardening and less elasticity
less bladder muscle strength

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8
Q

what is normal PVR

A

normal Post Void Residual is less than 50 mL

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9
Q

who is at a greater risk for bladder prolapse males or females?

A

females

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10
Q

what is dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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11
Q

what is oliguria

A

when not enough urine is produced

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12
Q

what does renin do

A

causes the release of angiotensin 2 which increases blood pressure

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13
Q

what are 6 main functions of the kidneys

A

Remove waste
Drug metabolism
fluid and electrolyte regulation
blood pressure regulation
RBC production
Vit d absorption

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14
Q

what is a urinary diversion

A

surgical procedure to create a new way for urine to exit the body

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15
Q

what is cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder usually caused by infection

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16
Q

what is pyelonephritis

A

kidney or upper urinary tract infection which results in swelling

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17
Q

What is bacteremia

A

when someone has a bacteria in their blood but their immune system can not defend against it and they become symptomatic
very often the bacteria enters through the urinary system

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18
Q

what is the most common Healthcare Associated Infection

A

UTI

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19
Q

what does CAUTI stand for

A

Catheter Associated UTI

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20
Q

what symptoms of a UTI would indicate a more systemic infection

A

Any later stage symptoms like
Nausea
fever

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21
Q

what are 9 signs and symptoms of UTI

A

Dysuria
Nocturia
Urgency (due to cystitis)
increase in frequency
hematuria or cloudy foul smelling urine
Fever/chills
Nausea or vomiting
back side or groin pain
costovertebral tenderness (tenderness to the lower back)

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22
Q

what are 6 signs of a UTI in the older adult

A

Change in LOC
Confusion
Delirium
Agitation
Behaviour change
falls

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23
Q

what does a culture and sensitivity test look for

A

bacteria in the urine that could be causing and infection

24
Q

What is a cystoscopy

A

when they insert a scope into your bladder to inspect for problems

25
Q

what is a Renal ultrasound used for

A

to determine size shape and location or urinary system structures and diagnose any associated problems

26
Q

what is a 24 hour urine collection used to determine

A

how the kidneys are functioning overall and if there is any changes on how your kidneys are filtering through out the day

27
Q

what device is used to determine post void residual

A

Bladder scanner

28
Q

what is a BUN test and what does it determine

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen test
Blood test that determines levels of Nitrogen and Urea and can indicate poor kidney function if there are elevated levels of these two things

29
Q

what does a creatinine blood test determine

A

Creatinine is a byproduct of muscle metabolism that is usually excreted in urine
if there are elevated levels in blood it determines that the kidneys are not functioning properly and not excreting this waste

30
Q

what is estimated Glomerular filtration rate

A

estimated number that is determined by blood test your age sex and other factors
it is a general estimate on how well your kidneys are functioning

31
Q

what are 2 common treatments for a UTI

A

fluids and antibiotics

32
Q

what is one of the most important ways to prevent a UTI

A

managing incontinence

33
Q

what are 4 ways to prevent a UTI

A

adequate hydration
Movement
managing incontinence
proper care for indwelling catheters

34
Q

what could yellow feces indicate

A

yellow is a result of to much fat in the feces so could indicate malabsorption from the GI tract

35
Q

What could red feces indicate

A

bleeding in the lower intestinal tract

36
Q

what could pale white or grey colored feces indicate

A

a blocked bile duct (which is the duct that connects the liver and the gallbladder)

37
Q

what could black feces indicate

A

Bleeding in the upper intestinal tract

38
Q

what could very green feces indicate

A

the stool is passing to fast through your GI system

39
Q

what is considered a normal finding for color of feces

A

slightly green or any shade of brown

40
Q

in a normal GI tract how many bowel sounds should be heard per minute

A

5-30 per/min

41
Q

what are 6 common age related changes to the digestive system

A

less saliva
less motility
less parietal cells
Decreased sphincter tone
degeneration of gastric mucosa
atrophy of intestinal muscles

42
Q

what happens as a result of decreased parietal cell function in the older adult

A

less B12 Fe Ca and Folic acid absorption

43
Q

what are 4 common alterations to the GI system

A

Age related changes
Infectious diseases
Medical conditions
acute medical interventions and concerns

44
Q

how does diabetes affect digestions

A

diabetes often causes gastroparesis which is when there is a delayed emptying of the stomach which can be very serious

45
Q

what is classified as diarrhea

A

3 or more loose stools per day

46
Q

what are 4 common complications of diarrhea

A

Dehydration
IAD type irritation
Electrolyte imbalances especially K+
decreased intake of nutrients

47
Q

what is a fecal occult blood test

A

used to detect hidden blood in the stool that can only be detected with chemical

48
Q

what does a fecal culture and sensitivity test determine

A

determines if there are any pathogens in the stool that could be causing an infection

49
Q

what does a fecal ova and parasites test determine

A

looks for parasites and their eggs (ovum) in a stool sample

50
Q

what can an abdominal x ray determine

A

able to determine constipation/obstruction

51
Q

what does an abdominal CT scan determine

A

makes a detailed image of the structures inside your abdomen to determine if there are any issues

52
Q

what do kegels do for the urinary system

A

make the muscles that support the bladder stronger which helps prevent incontinence

53
Q

what is the recommended amount of fiber for someone with constipation

A

20-25 g/day

54
Q

what are three ways to treat diarrhea

A

Check diet
slow peristalsis
treat the cause of it

55
Q

What is wernicke’s aphasia

A

receptive aphasia so trouble interpreting information but speech may be normal

56
Q

What is broca’s aphasia

A

Expressive aphasia no problem interpreting information a person would just not be able to express themselves

NRSG 126 (11 decks)

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