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NRSG 126 > Week #10 Neuro > Flashcards

Week #10 Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the brain regulates breathing heart rate and temp

A

The medulla oblongata

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2
Q

What’s the definition of intracranial pressure

A

pressure inside the intra cranial vault (skull)

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3
Q

what 3 volumes is intracranial pressure dependant on

A

Volume of the brain
Volume of the CSF
Volume of blood

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4
Q

where is CSF located

A

in the subarachnoid space

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5
Q

what are the three meninges starting with the most superficial layer

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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6
Q

what are the three spaces of the meninges

A

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid

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6
Q

what are the three spaces of the meninges

A

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid

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7
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in the ageing population

A

Macular degeneration

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8
Q

what hearing disorder is most common in the older adult

A

presbycusis

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9
Q

What is presbycusis

A

Age related hearing loss

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10
Q

what is meniere’s disease

A

an inner ear problem that causes dizzy spells and hearing loss

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11
Q

what causes the greatest increase to the risk of falls

A

hearing and vision loss

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12
Q

what is the leading cause of vision loss for people under 50

A

diabetic retinopathy

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13
Q

which vision problem is this
Leading cause of vision loss, affects >50yrs
Incurable
Loss of central vision

A

Macular degeneration

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14
Q

Which vision problem is this
Everyone will develop it with age, gradually and without pain
Blurs all vision

A

Cataract

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15
Q

Which vision problem is this
Leading cause of vision loss <50yrs
Uncontrolled diabetes
Severe vision loss/blindness

A

diabetic retinopathy

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16
Q

which vision problem is this
Second most common cause of vision loss >65
Visual field loss, decreased acuity, halo, or blindness

A

glaucoma

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17
Q

Inefficient sound waves outer to inner ear
Ear canal blockage- cold, allergy, infection
What type of hearing problem is this

A

Conductive hearing loss

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18
Q

Auditory center damage (pathway to medulla)
Central cortex pathway damage
possible causes could be TBI, tumor, heredity
what type of hearing problem is this

A

Central auditory disorder

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19
Q

Eardrum and middle ear damage
could be caused by Infection
Can lead to permanent hearing loss
what type of hearing problem is this

A

otitis media

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20
Q

Hereditary
Ossicle hardening
Causes tinnitus
What type of hearing problem is this

A

otosclerosis

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21
Q

Cochlea or nerve damage
Causes- excess noise, meds, virus
what hearing problem is this

A

sensorineural

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22
Q

Wax build-up that can harden
Common in elderly
what hearing problem is this

A

Cerumen accumulation

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23
Q

Low-pitched sounds are heard better
Muffles hearing
also known as age related hearing loss
what hearing problem is this

A

presbycusis

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24
Q

Inner ear disease
Fluid in the ears
Can cause tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo.
what hearing problem is this

A

Meniere’s disease

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25
Q

decreases saliva- thicker mucus, dry mouth.
could be caused by medications, cancer and ageing.
which increases risk of food aversions decreasing calorie intake
what is this called

A

Xerostomia

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26
Q

older persons have (Decreased/increased) sensitivity to severe pain but loss of (somatic/cardiac/nerve) cells and (perjunke/skin/conduction) fibers decrease pain sensation (increasing/decreasing) threshold.
Fill in the blanks

A

In order
Increased, Nerve, conduction, increasing

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27
Q

what is kinesthetic sense

A

the ability to sense and be aware of movement

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28
Q

what is the sense of proprioception

A

the ability to sense and be aware of body movement

29
Q

what is the sense of stereognosis

A

the ability to recognize object texture and size

30
Q

what is presbyopia

A

difficulty seeing due to lens stiffening

31
Q

What does CVA stand for and what is another name for it

A

Cerebral Vascular Accident also known as a stroke

32
Q

what is one of the main causes of CVA’s

A

Hypertension

33
Q

what are 7 risk factors for CVA (Hint think about all the standard ones)

A

Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Smoking
being older than 65
diabetes
Obesity
Atrial Fibrillation

34
Q

what is a transient ischemic attack

A

ischemic stroke that lasts several minutes with no permanent damage

35
Q

what percentage of people who have a TIA will have a stroke later on (hint in a fraction)

A

1/3

36
Q

whats another name for a TIA

A

min stroke

37
Q

What does VAN + mean

A

means you have a large vessel occlusion

38
Q

What does VAN + mean

A

means you have a large vessel occlusion

39
Q

what is the more common type of stroke ischemic or hemorrhagic

A

ischemic

40
Q

what are the two types of ischemic strokes

A

thrombotic and embolic

41
Q

what is a thrombotic stroke

A

when a blood clot/thrombus blocks an artery or vein that supplies blood to the brain

42
Q

what is an embolic stroke

A

when an embolus forms somewhere else in the body and then breaks off and travels to the brian and blocks blood supply

43
Q

what is more common an embolic or thrombotic stroke

A

thrombotic

44
Q

what is a very common cause of embolic stroke

A

Atrial fibrillation

45
Q

what are two treatments for an ischemic stroke

A

Tissue plasminogen activator medication
Endovascular treatment where they go in and remove the clot

46
Q

what are two medications that prevent blood clot from happening

A

antiplatlets
anticoagulants

47
Q

do anticoagulants and antiplatelets thin the blood?

A

no

48
Q

where are the two places within the brain that a hemorrhagic stroke can take place

A

subarachnoid and intracerebral

49
Q

what is a intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

A

when the bleeding is going into the brain tissue

50
Q

what is a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke

A

when the PT is bleeding into the subarachnoid space

51
Q

What is an AVM and what does it stand for

A

Arteriovenous malformation and it is when the blood vessels in the brain don’t form properly

52
Q

what are two of the most common causes of a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke

A

AVM and aneurysm

53
Q

what is the #1 sign of increased intracranial pressure

A

altered LOC

54
Q

What is a very common symptom of intracranial pressure

A

headache

55
Q

what is a brain herniation

A

when something inside the skill creates pressure and moves the brain tissue

56
Q

how could you assess the severity of a stroke

A

using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale

57
Q

would this be a right side CVA or left side CVA
Spacial and perceptual deficits
visual deficits
impaired judgment and impulsiveness
confusion and memory loss

A

Right sided CVA

58
Q

would this be a right sided CVA or left sided CVA
cautious/compulsive behaviour
apraxia (loss of ability to carry out skilled movement)
slurring words
impaired comprehension

A

Left sided CVA

59
Q

what is broca’s aphasia

A

expressive aphasia so a person won’t be able to express what they want to say

60
Q

what is wernicke’s aphasia

A

receptive aphasia so a person would have trouble receiving the information and understanding it

61
Q

what phase of the nursing process would this be
Analyze
Identify good and bad
Formulate nursing diagnosis
identify what the client needs

A

Diagnosis phase

62
Q

what phase of the nursing process would this be
Prioritize
Formulate goals and expected outcomes
Select nursing interventions
Write care plan

A

planning phase

63
Q

what phase of the nursing process would this be
Begin interventions
Supervise, delegate, communicate with team
Determine nursing assistance needed
Reassessing….always

A

implementation phase

64
Q

what phase of the nursing process would this be
Collect data and compare
Connect nursing interventions
Draw conclusions
Continue, modify or terminate

A

Evaluation phase

65
Q

What is an early warning sign of infection in the older adult?
A) Purulent drainage
B) Delirium
C) Temperature of 38.2
D) Increased pain

A

D

66
Q

where is the respiratory center in the body

A

brain stem

67
Q

During the first 24 hours after thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke, the primary goal is to control the client’s:
A) Pulse
B) Respirations
C) Blood Pressure
D) Temperature

A

C

68
Q

A client arrives in the emergency department with an ischemic stroke and receives tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) administration. Which is the priority nursing assessment?
A) Time of onset of current stroke.
B) Complete physical and history.
C) Current medications
D) Upcoming surgical procedures

A

A

69
Q

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Broca aphasia due to a stroke. Which of the following deficits would be attributed to Broca aphasia?
A) Client coughs and gasps after swallowing food
B) Client is frustrated while trying to speak
C) Client is unable to understand speech and is non-verbal
D) Client misunderstands and inappropriately responds

A

B

70
Q

what risk factor would make a PT most likely to have a stroke

A

uncontrolled hypertension

NRSG 126 (11 decks)

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