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NRSG 126 > Midterm #1 Weeks 1-4 > Flashcards

Midterm #1 Weeks 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three life stage groups of older people

A

-young old 65-74
-middle old 75-84
-old old 85+

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2
Q

What is primary aging

A

aging well and having normal symptoms of aging

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3
Q

What is secondary aging

A

When you get a disease that old people get but it is not part of the normal aging process and the PT may be acutely sick

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4
Q

What are the main two reasons that there is an aging population

A

Increased life expectancy
baby boomers were a large generation

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5
Q

What is the first and second leading cause of death

A

First is cancer second is heart disease

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6
Q

What are three characteristics of a chronic disease

A

non communicable
persistent and slow in progression
cannot be cured

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7
Q

What are the 4 stages of infection

A

-Incubation
-Prodromal
-illness
-convalescence

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8
Q

What is happening in the incubation period of infection and are there symptoms

A

Pathogens are entering the body and there are no symptoms yet

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9
Q

What is happening in the Prodromal period of infection and are there symptoms

A

mild or non specific signs and symptoms are present transmission may occur

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10
Q

What is happening in the illness period of infection and are there symptoms

A

specific signs and symptoms are present

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11
Q

What is happening in the convalescence period of infection and are there symptoms

A

acute symptoms disappear and the body returns to homeostasis how long this period lasts will depend on the severity of the disease

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12
Q

What are the typical signs of local infection

A

heat
redness
swelling
pain
immobility

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13
Q

what is an endogenies infection

A

when you become infected with your own bacteria ie when your bowel perforates and bacteria gets somewhere its not supposed to be

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14
Q

Exogenous

A

When a pathogen enters the PT body from the environment ie infection from not properly cleaned equipment

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15
Q

What is THA

A

Total Hip Arthroplasty which is a a total hip replacement

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16
Q

What are the 6 steps in the chain of infection

A
  1. Infectious agent
  2. reservoir
  3. Portal of exit
  4. mode of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. Host
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17
Q

What is pathogenicity

A

the ability of a microorganism to cause disease

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18
Q

What is virulence

A

the ability to produce a disease

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19
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

when a cell engulfs and destroys a microorganism

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20
Q

What are all the stages of the nursing process

A

Remember ADPIE
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

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21
Q

What is implicit bias

A

Unconscious bias you have against an individual or group not something your aware of

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22
Q

What is explicit bias

A

Are biases and feelings that people project outwards intentionally

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23
Q

What are the 4 R’s

A

Realization
Recognize
Response
Resisting

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the four R’s

A

It provides clients with a safe space that takes down barriers and reduces stigma and prevents more harm and triggering

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25
What are the 5 levels of communication
Intrapersonal interpersonal transpersonal small group public
26
What is transpersonal communication
When a patient communicates what is meaningful and significant to them gives the nurse an idea of the PT experiences and hopes
27
Should you use Denotative or connotative meaning when talking to a patient
try to use denotative when talking to a patient since it makes it very clear what you are trying to say
28
What are some strategies for active listening
SOLER Sit facing the patient Open Posture Lean forward Eye contact Relax
29
What does it mean when a patient is CAM+
Means that the PT does have delirium
30
what are the most common forms of dementia
Alzheimer's Vascular Lewy Body
31
What are the 3 risk factors for Alzheimer's
Age genetics general health
32
What is TIA
Transient Ischemic attack Temporary block of blood flow to the brain that usually dislodges itself and while the damage is not permanent it is a warning sign of stroke
33
What are 3 risk factors for lewy body dementia
Age Being a man family history of LBD or Parkinson's
34
What is a clinical definition for depression
Mood disorder that comes with feelings of sadness and despair that lasts 2 or more weeks
35
What is the duration of delirium
Hours to weeks
36
What is the definition of a medical diagnoses
the identification of a disease or condition on the basis of specific evaluation of signs and symptoms
37
What phase of the nursing process would you gather information about the client and document your findings
Assessment phase
38
Who is a primary data source
Client and only the client
39
Who is a secondary data source
Family, physician, another member of the health care team (PT/OT) clients charts
40
What is a tertiary data source
Text books literature that is not specific to the client
41
What phase of the nursing process would you analyze data collected identify health problems and identify client needs
Diagnosis phase
42
what is the definition of a nursing diagnoses
A clinical judgment about a human response to an actual or potential health problem ie: ineffective airway clearance
43
Which part of the nursing process would involve setting goals, outcomes and selecting nursing interventions that would directly impact client care
Planning phase
44
Which phase of the nursing process would involve carrying out or delegating nursing interventions
Implementation Think how will these goals be met? what are the actual interventions a nurse or the health care team can carry out?
45
What phase of the nursing process would involve comparing patient response to preselected outcomes to determine weather goals have been met
Evaluation phase
46
is pain subjective or objective
Subjective always even if its a pain scale its still subjective data
47
What is the Transduction phase of pain reception
generation of an action potential caused from the release of damaged cells
48
what is the transmission phase of pain reception
When the pain signal moves from the PNS to the CNS
49
What is the perception phase of pain reception
when you become conscious and aware of the pain and interpret it
50
What is the modulation phase of pain reception
Increase decrease in pain signal and intensity that can occur before and after pain is perceived
51
What are the four process of pain reception
Transduction transmission perception modulation
52
what is a synarthrotic joint
bone on bone
53
What is the definition of chronic pain
pain that lasts over 6 months but does not have to be constant
54
what are the two different types of pain
Nociceptive Neuropathic
55
What are the two types of nociceptive pain
Somatic visceral
56
What is somatic pain and how might it be described by a PT
Pain of bones joints connective tissue and muscles will be localized described as throbbing and get worse with movement
57
What is visceral pain and how might is be described by a patient
-Pain of the internal organs -tends to be diffuse (not localized) -Not easy to describe but may feel like a crushing pain -pain can radiate
58
What is neuropathic pain and how might it be described by a patient
-Injury to a nerve or abnormal processing of info by the PNS or CNS -not localized -may be described as burning shooting electrical or prickling
59
What is osteomyelitis
Inflammation or swelling of the bone
60
Which gender is more likely to get osteoarthritis
Female
61
if a patient had arthritis pain in their knee and it ached in the morning but got better throughout the day is it more likely to be OA or RA
Osteoarthritis gets better throughout the day rheumatoid arthritis does not
62
what does OPQRSTUV stand for
Onset Palliating/provocation Quality Region Severity Timing Understanding: patients understanding of the pain and it's imp[acts on ADL Values
63
What does NSAID stand for
Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug
64
What are to over the counter examples of NSAID
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) Ibuprofen (Advil)
65
What is another name for co analgesic
Adjuvant drug
66
What is the definition of a co analgesic
A drug that itself doesn't have analgesic effects but can enhance analgesics and may treat pain secondarily
67
what are the three stages of the inflammatory response
vascular and cellular response formation of inflammatory products tissue repair
68
what are 4 common sites of HAI
surgical and traumatic wounds Urinary tract Respiratory tract Bloodstream
69
how is C. diff transmitted
Contact
70
How is influenza transmitted
by droplet
71
What are three possible outcomes when nurses communicate ineffectively
poor patient outcomes Decrease professional credibility increase occurrence of adverse conditions
72
what are the basic elements of the communication process
Referent: the thing that triggered communication Sender and receiver Message Channels: means of conveying and receiving messages through the senses Feedback interpersonal variables Environment
73
What factors influence communication
Physiological factors Relational context Situational factors Environmental context Cultural context Developmental factors
74
what are some less obvious therapeutic communication techniques
Sharing feelings (as long as the feelings are in control and it benefits the patient not burdens them) Using silence (Sometimes is necessary) Confrontation
75
What are non therapeutic techniques
Sympathy (just feeling sorry for someone where as empathy is understanding someones feelings) Asking for explanations (avoid "why questions") approval or disapproval
76
What are the 6 principles of TIP
Safety Trust and transparency Peer support Collaboration and mutuality Empowerment voice and choice the importance of cultural historical and gender issues
77
What is NANDA
Approved Nursing diagnoses
78
What happens in the diagnosis phase of the nursing process
Nurse analyzes the assessment data to make a diagnosis and then identify outcomes and major problems or needs
79
planning phase of nursing process
creation of a formal plan with goals and strategies to obtain the expected outcome
80
What is a risk diagnoses
a diagnoses based on how likely an individual or group is to develop a negative health condition
81
what is a health promotion diagnosis
Clinical judgment on how motivated a pt is to improve their health
82
Wellness diagnosis
a diagnosis used when pt wishes to achieve optimal level of health
83
What are the 5 sources of diagnostic error
Error in data collection Errors in interpretation and analysis of data errors in data clustering errors in diagnostic statement errors in documentation
84
How does a nursing diagnosis help with the care plan
identifies the nursing care that the client needs and the diagnosis is the base of what you put in the care plan
85
Is tylenol a NSAID
NO tylenol (acetaminophen) is not an anti-inflammatory it is mostly for fever and headaches
86
What is a complementary approach to health
utilizing health interventions that contribute to conventional medical treatments ie you use acupuncture after you break your arm to relieve painq
87
What is an alternative approach to health
you don't use conventional methods at all and just utilize alternative approaches
88
what are the five functions of the skeletal system
Support protection Movement Mineral storage hematopoiesis
89
what are synergistic muscles
two or more muscles that contract to achieve the same movement
90
What are the 4 components of mobility
ROM Gait Exercise and activity activity tolerance
91
A nurse identifies a client's response to actual or potential health issues would be part of which phase of the nursing process
diagnoses
92
What would be better for osteoarthritis pain acetaminophen or ibuprofen
Ibuprofen because it is an anti inflammatory and acetaminophen is not

NRSG 126 (11 decks)

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