Week 10.2 - HP, Illness & Injury Prevention Flashcards
What factors of the vulnerable child archetype predispose children to health issues?
Taboos - Things we do not talk about create informational gaps for children
Dependence - The responsible family archetype and giving parents ultimate authority over children
Predisposed to their parents vulnerabilities
–> SES, Information, self-care habits
What are the most common health concerns for children?
Children 0-14 - injury is most common cause of morbidity and mortality
–> MVAs, suffocation, drowning, burns
(Preventable things!)
What is the leading cause of death and hospitalizations for children?
Death - “on a road” (49%)
Hospitalization - Falls (45%)
What constitutes safe environments for children?
Basic Needs Met - Material needs, absence from disease
Relationships - nurturing, language rich, responsive
Opportunities for Learning - Exploration of the world, stimulating, playful & safe, interaction with others
What is the most effective way prevent injuries in children?
Education of Children
–> Fostering consequential thinking and contingency
What are some child centered approaches to injury prevention, other than education?
- Establish particular rules or patterns of approaching common situations
- Have children articulate risks and discuss how they can avoid them
- Provide opportunities for the child to explore their environment with their own judgement
- Foster the child’s ability to appraise situations and know their own abilities and limits, and to know what resources they have.
What are environmental-centered initiatives for injury prevention?
Modifying the environment to reduce likelihood of exposure
Policy to establish standards or legislation for safety, eliminate the use of hazardous agents, or foster developmental abilities
What is the most common nutrient deficiency internationally?
ID
–> Results in lower mental and motor development scores
Those who has severe, chronic ID in infancy continue to be at risk 10 years later
What public health interventions were put in place to prevent iron deficiency?
Pre-postnatal screening
Promote breastfeeding
Fortification of cereals/grains and formula
Why was implementing alcohol prevention programs not be effective at preventing FAS?
They changes the drinking patters of those who are mild/mod drinkers but does not create upstream support for those who really need support to stop drinking
Behavioral (individual) v structural (policy level) interventions
What vaccines do children have to have to attend public school in Ontario?
Pertussis, varicella, meningococcal, tetanus, diptheria, polio, measles, mumps, rubella
What is covered in a DTaP-IPV-HiB vaccine given at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months?
Diphtheria, pertussis, polio, haemophilus influenza type b
When is an MMR vaccine given?
12 months
Do most parents of a two year old believe that vaccines are safe and effective? What are concerns about herd immunity and side effects?
Yes!
Most understand the concept of herd immunity and trust that other parents have vaccinated their children
~Half are also concerned about potential side effects of vaccines.
What developmental factors contribute to increased risk of injury for toddlers?
Not fully developed cause-effect principles + poor depth perception
(un)fun fact: TV tip overs are a source of head trauma in this age group
Until what age must children be in a car seat or booster?
8 years
When can children be moved to a forward facing seat?
When they can walk on their own and weigh at least 10 kg.
–> But toddlers up to 24 months are safest rear facing.
What factors can be blamed for the increase in mental illness (especially anxiety disorders) in teens)?
The decline in play-based childhood d/t parent overprotection
Increased parental supervision
Children spending less time with peers, seeing them for less time and less frequently + have started spending more time with screens
These factors mean that the percent of high school seniors who have done things such as tried alcohol, gotten their license, had sex, or worked has decreased significantly between 1980-2020.
What did AlSaeed et al. (2023) determine about children’s ED visits in Ottawa?
The ED is accessed more by those with higher residential instability, material deprivation, and low ethnic concentration.
–> Policymakers should consider implementation access to pediatric healthcare resources in these areas
–> Emergency providers should recognize that their patients might have unmet social needs and could benefit from referrals to supportive services.
How should nurses approach conversations about vaccine hesitancy according to Leask et al., (2021)?
- Elicit questions
- Acknowledge concerns
- Set brief agenda
- Share knowledge
- Elicit potential motivation to vaccinate
- Set out options, share tailored recommendations
- Continue the conversation in future.
