Week 10 - spine

Question 1

Connective tissue in the spine

Answer 1

Anterior Longitudinal ligament
Intervertebral disc
Superior spinous ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamenta flava

Question 2

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 2

Runs down the anterior surface of the spine

Question 3

Intervertebral disc

Answer 3

In between 2 vertebrae to allow movement between the 2.
Absorb shock
Transmit forces throughout the vertebral column

Question 4

Superior spinous ligament

Answer 4

Fibrous cord that connects the apeices of the spinous process from the 7th cervical vertebrae to 3rd/4th lumbar vertebrae

Question 5

Ligamenta flava

Answer 5

Series of ligaments that connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae from C2 - S1

Question 6

What is the intervertebral foramen

Answer 6

The space between 2 vertebral discs is called the intervertebral foramen. There is the inferior vertebral notch and the superior vertebral notch. It is where the spial nerve exits

Question 7

Facet joint

Answer 7

Symmetrical synovial-lined joints that connect the articular facets of the vertebrae. The inferior articular process articulates with the superior articular process of the vertebral below.

Question 8

The diaphragm and the thoracic cage

Answer 8

When the diaphragm relaxes (comes up), it increases the pressure in the thoracic cage, forcing the air out of the nose

Question 9

Internal intercostal muscle

Answer 9

Located on the inside of the ribcage
Moves the ribcage downwards and pushes air out of the lungs in forced expiration

Question 10

External intercostal muscles

Answer 10

Contraction lifts the rib cage in inspiration

Question 11

Muscles can be categorised into global moves or local stabilisers

Answer 11

Global movers - involved in range of movement.
Local stabilisers are the deeper muscles that control segmental movements of the spine

Question 12

Platysma muscle

Answer 12

Found on the anterior compartment of the neck
Most superficial

Question 13

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 13

Slightly deeper than the platsyma
Neck flexion, neck lateral flexion, rotation of head (ipsilateral muscle)

Question 14

Scalenus muscle

Answer 14

Slightly deeper than the sternocleidomastoid
Scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, scalenus posterior
Lateral flexion, cervical flexion, cervical rotation (contralateral muscle)

Question 15

Longus cervicis

Answer 15

Spans the entire cervical spine and first 3 thoracic vertebrae
Maintain the stability of the cervical spine
Flexion and lateral flexion, rotation

Question 16

Descending part of the trapezius

Answer 16

Attaches to the occipital bone
Descending (upper) part of trapezius extends the neck

Question 17

Underneath the upper part of the trapezius is the

Answer 17

Splenius capitis and the splenius cervicis
Extend the neck, lateral flexion, cervical rotation (ipsilateral muscle)

Levator scapulae - attaches the scapula
Elevates the scapula, lateral flexion of the cervical vertebral column

Question 18

Underneath the splenius muscle is the

Answer 18

semispinalis capitis and cervicis
maintains the curvature of spine and stability of spinal column

Question 19

Most superficial muscle in the abdomen is the

Answer 19

External obliques
Rotates the body to the opposite side
Trunk flexion - same side
When both sides are activated, trunk flexion occurs

Question 20

Muscle underneath the external obliques is the

Answer 20

Internal obliques
Same movements as external obliques
Trunk rotation rotates the trunk into the same direction as the muscle

Question 21

Muscle underneath the internal obliques is the

Answer 21

Rectus abdominis
Trunk flexion

Question 22

Muscle underneath the rectus abdominis

Answer 22

Transverse abdominis
Maintains the pressure of the abdominal wall and the curvature of the spine

Question 23

Most superficial muscle on the back is the

Answer 23

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

Question 24

Muscles underneath the traps and LD is

Answer 24

Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis)
Keeps you upright
Neck and trunk extensors

Question 25

Deeper than the erector spinae is the

Answer 25

Multifidus
Extends all the way down spine
Stabilise spine and provide a small range of movement of the spinal column

Question 26

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 26

Deepest back muscle
Originates from iliac crest and inserts on the transverse process of lumbar one through 5.
Helps lateral flexion of trunk - ipsilateral flexion