Week 10 - spine Flashcards
Connective tissue in the spine
Anterior Longitudinal ligament
Intervertebral disc
Superior spinous ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamenta flava
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Runs down the anterior surface of the spine
Intervertebral disc
In between 2 vertebrae to allow movement between the 2.
Absorb shock
Transmit forces throughout the vertebral column
Superior spinous ligament
Fibrous cord that connects the apeices of the spinous process from the 7th cervical vertebrae to 3rd/4th lumbar vertebrae
Ligamenta flava
Series of ligaments that connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae from C2 - S1
What is the intervertebral foramen
The space between 2 vertebral discs is called the intervertebral foramen. There is the inferior vertebral notch and the superior vertebral notch. It is where the spial nerve exits
Facet joint
Symmetrical synovial-lined joints that connect the articular facets of the vertebrae. The inferior articular process articulates with the superior articular process of the vertebral below.
The diaphragm and the thoracic cage
When the diaphragm relaxes (comes up), it increases the pressure in the thoracic cage, forcing the air out of the nose
Internal intercostal muscle
Located on the inside of the ribcage
Moves the ribcage downwards and pushes air out of the lungs in forced expiration
External intercostal muscles
Contraction lifts the rib cage in inspiration
Muscles can be categorised into global moves or local stabilisers
Global movers - involved in range of movement.
Local stabilisers are the deeper muscles that control segmental movements of the spine
Platysma muscle
Found on the anterior compartment of the neck
Most superficial
Sternocleidomastoid
Slightly deeper than the platsyma
Neck flexion, neck lateral flexion, rotation of head (ipsilateral muscle)
Scalenus muscle
Slightly deeper than the sternocleidomastoid
Scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, scalenus posterior
Lateral flexion, cervical flexion, cervical rotation (contralateral muscle)
Longus cervicis
Spans the entire cervical spine and first 3 thoracic vertebrae
Maintain the stability of the cervical spine
Flexion and lateral flexion, rotation
Descending part of the trapezius
Attaches to the occipital bone
Descending (upper) part of trapezius extends the neck
Underneath the upper part of the trapezius is the
Splenius capitis and the splenius cervicis
Extend the neck, lateral flexion, cervical rotation (ipsilateral muscle)
Levator scapulae - attaches the scapula
Elevates the scapula, lateral flexion of the cervical vertebral column
Underneath the splenius muscle is the
semispinalis capitis and cervicis
maintains the curvature of spine and stability of spinal column
Most superficial muscle in the abdomen is the
External obliques
Rotates the body to the opposite side
Trunk flexion - same side
When both sides are activated, trunk flexion occurs
Muscle underneath the external obliques is the
Internal obliques
Same movements as external obliques
Trunk rotation rotates the trunk into the same direction as the muscle
Muscle underneath the internal obliques is the
Rectus abdominis
Trunk flexion
Muscle underneath the rectus abdominis
Transverse abdominis
Maintains the pressure of the abdominal wall and the curvature of the spine
Most superficial muscle on the back is the
Trapezius and latissimus dorsi
Muscles underneath the traps and LD is
Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis)
Keeps you upright
Neck and trunk extensors
Deeper than the erector spinae is the
Multifidus
Extends all the way down spine
Stabilise spine and provide a small range of movement of the spinal column
Quadratus lumborum
Deepest back muscle
Originates from iliac crest and inserts on the transverse process of lumbar one through 5.
Helps lateral flexion of trunk - ipsilateral flexion
