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Functional Anatomy > Functional Anatomy Week 4 - the foot and the ankle > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy Week 4 - the foot and the ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the foot

A

Base of support
Adapt to uneven surfaces
Shock absorber
Provide propulsion

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2
Q

3 main arches on the foot

A

Medial arch
Lateral arch
Anterior transverse arch

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3
Q

What is the plantar arch

A

Area supported by 3 arches
Contacts the ground at 3 points
Head metatarsal I (medial side)
Head metatarsal V (lateral side)
Calcaneal tuberosity

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4
Q

The medial arch

A

The highest arch
No contact with the ground
Made up of 5 bones

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5
Q

5 bones that make up the medial arch

A

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Medial cuneiform
Metatarsal I

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6
Q

Lateral arch

A

Flatter than the medial arch
In contact with the ground

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7
Q

3 bones that make up the lateral arch

A

Calcaneus
Cuboid
Metatarsal V

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8
Q

Anterior transverse arch

A

Relatively flat
Contacts ground
Formed by heads of the 5 metatarsals

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9
Q

Plantar fascia

A

Provides stabilisation
Extends from the calcaneus to the metatarsal heads
Strong layer of thick, fibrous tissue
It is an aponeurosis

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10
Q

Phases of walking

A

Heel strike
Stance phase
Heel off
Toe off

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11
Q

What happens to the arches during the heel strike?
What bone is the weight on?

A

The arches are raised
Calcaneus

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12
Q

What happens to the plantar tighteners during hell off?

A

They contract further to the foot is now a rigid lever

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13
Q

What happens during toe off?

A

As your big toe extends, it tightens the plantar fascia, reinforcing the medial arch - ‘Windlass mechanism’

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14
Q

Inversion and eversion
What is special about it?

A

Inversion - sole of foot faces inwards
Eversion - sole of foot faces outwards
The foot moves in 3 planes to creare this movement

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15
Q

3 movements that make up inversion

A

Plantar-flexion
Adduction
Supination

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16
Q

3 movements that make up eversion

A

Dorsiflexion
Abduction
Pronation

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17
Q

Movements at the hindfoot happen at the ____

A

subtalar joint

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18
Q

Movements at the forefoot happen at the ____

A

Midtarsal joint

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19
Q

During supernation when the foot is on the floor, what movements does the forefoot do

A

Adduction
Pronates
Plantarflexes

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20
Q

During supernation when the foot is on the floor, what movements does the hindfoot do

A

Abducts
Supinates
Dorsiflexes

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21
Q

During pronation when the foot is on the floor, what movements does the forefoot do

A

Abduction
Supernation
Dorsiflexes

22
Q

During pronation when the foot is on the floor, what movements does the hindfoot do

A

Adduction
Pronation
Plantarflexion

23
Q

Lower leg anterior compartment muscles

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus/ fibularis tertius

24
Q

Origin and insertion of the extensor hallucis longus

A

Interosseous membrane –> base of the distal phalanx of big toe

25
Q

Origin and insertion of the extensor digitorum longus

A

Lateral tibial condyle, proximal half of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane –> distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5

26
Q

Origin and insertion of the tibialis anterior

A

Lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane –> medial cuneiform bone, base of metatasal bone 1

27
Q

Lower leg posterior compartment muscles: Deep

A

Popliteus, Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus

28
Q

Origin and insertion of the tibialis posterior

A

Posterior surface of tibia, posteior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane –> navicular, all cuneiform bones, cuboid, bases of metatarsal bones 2-4

29
Q

Origin and insertion of flexor hallucis longus

A

Fibula –> distal phalanx of big toe

30
Q

Origin and insertion of flexor digitorum longus

A

Posterior surface of tibia –> bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

31
Q

Lower leg posterior compartment muscles: Superficial

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus & plantaris (Triceps surae collectively)

32
Q

Origin and insertion of the soleus

A

Medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border of fibula –> calcaneal tendon

33
Q

Origin and insertion of the medial and lateral gastocnemius

A

Medial/lateral condyle of femur –> calcaneal tendon

34
Q

Origin and insertion of the plantaris

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur –> calcaneal tendon

35
Q

Muscles that make up the lateral lower leg compartment

A

Fibularis Brevis and Fibularis Longus

36
Q

Origin and insertion lf the fibularis brevis

A

Lower half of fibula –> base of metataral 5

37
Q

Origin and insertion lf the fibularis longus

A

Head of fibula –> base of metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform

38
Q

Muscles that make up the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles

A

Extensor hallucis brevis, extensor digitorum, dorsal interossei

39
Q

Origin and insertion of the extensor digitorum muscle

A

Calcaneus –> proximal phalanx of middle 3 toes

40
Q

Origin and insertion of the extensor hallucis brevis muscle

A

Calcaneus –> proximal phalanx of big toe

41
Q

Origin and insertion of the dorsal interossei
What are they responsible for

A

Metatarsal –> proximal phalanges
Responsible for abduction

42
Q

Muscles that make up the 1st layer of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles

A

Abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis

43
Q

Origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum brevis

A

Calcaneus –> middle phalanx of toes 2-5

44
Q

Origin and insertion of abductor digiti minimi

A

Calcaneus –> proximal phalanx of little toe

45
Q

Origin and insertion of abductor hallucis

A

Calcaneus –> proximal phalanx of big toe

46
Q

Muscles that make up the 2nd layer of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles

A

Quadratus plantae, lumbricals

47
Q

Origin and insertion of quadratus plantae

A

Calcaneus –> tendon of flexor digitorum longus

48
Q

Origin and insertion of the lumbricals

A

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus –> extensor expansion

49
Q

Muscles that make up the 3rd layer of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles

A

Flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis

50
Q

Muscle that make up the 4th layer of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles

A

Plantar interossei

Functional Anatomy (11 decks)

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