Week 10 - PA, Depression & Anxiety

Question 1

Define mental health

Answer 1

Well-being in which ind:

• realises their potential
• can cope w/ normal stresses of life
• can work productively
• is able to make a contribution to their community.

(WHO, 2001).

Question 2

Prevalence in mental health conditions

Answer 2

1 in 4 will have one.

300/1000 will experience mental health problems.

• 230 of these will visit GP

– 24 of these will be referred to a specialist

— 6 will become inpatients

Question 3

What % of 5-9 yr olds have at least 1 mental health condition? and what % of these have emotional disorders?

Answer 3

13%

6%

Question 4

List the psychological symptoms of depression

Answer 4

Low mood

Feeling of hopelessness

Low self-esteem

Tearful

Guilt-ridden

No interest in anything

Question 5

List the social symptoms of depression

Answer 5

Not doing well at work

Taking part in fewer activities

Neglecting hobbies

Difficulties at home

Question 6

List the physical symptoms of depression

Answer 6

Change in movement

Change in appetite

Constipation

Aches/pain

Lack of energy

Disturbed sleep

Changes to menstrual cycle

Question 7

What is the usual treatment to depression

Answer 7

Approx 45% of GPs use antidepressants as their 1st treatment option

Question 8

What % of GPs would prescribe exercise as their first treatment

Answer 8

3%

Question 9

What % of GPs would prescribe exercise in their top 3 choices of treatment

Answer 9

25%

Question 10

What are alternative options for anti-depressants

Answer 10

Counselling

CBT

Electro convulsive therapy

Exercise

Question 11

How do anti-depressants work?

Answer 11

Inhibit re-absorption of serotonin.

SSRI blocks the reabsorption sites on pre-synaptic membrane so that the serotonin carries on to the post-synaptic nerve ending.

Question 12

What is SSRI + what does it stand for

Answer 12

An antidepressant

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor

Question 13

Does the SSRI always work?

Answer 13

NO

Question 14

What intervention is recommended for depression

Answer 14

Structured group PA programme.

Question 15

Are there any PA guidelines for anxiety

Answer 15

No

Question 16

What are the types of anxiety

Answer 16

OCD

Panic

GAD

Phobias

Question 17

What are the psychological symptoms of anxiety

Answer 17

Restlesness

Sense of dread

On edge

Irritability

Difficulty conc.

Impatience

Easily distracted

Question 18

What are the physical symptoms of anxiety

Answer 18

Dizziness

Tiredness

Palpitations

Dry mouth

Sweating

Shortness of breath

Insomnia

Question 19

What are the 6 dimensions that make up well-being?

Answer 19

Self-acceptance (+ive views of self)

+ive relations w/ others

Autonomy (self-determined w/ intrinsic motivation + self-referenced standards)

Environmental mastery (effective mastery of the environment to fulfill personal values)

Personal growth (sense of development + self-fulfillment over time)

Purpose in life (directed toward purposeful goals for living)

Question 20

What can the effects of exercise on anxiety + depression be classified as?

Answer 20

Acute or chronic

Question 21

What do the acute effects of exercise on anxiety + depression refer to?

Answer 21

Immediate

Possibly temporary effects

– Arising from a single bout of exercise.

Question 22

What do the chronic effects of exercise on anxiety + depression refer to?

Answer 22

LT affects on 1 or more of the body systems

As a person sustains their exercise habit

Question 23

At what intensity do reductions in state anxiety + depression occur in aerobic exercise

Answer 23

30-70% of Max HR

Question 24

At what intensity do mood-enhancing effects occur in anaerobic exercise

Answer 24

30-50% of Max HR

Question 25

How do team sports effect depressive symptoms?

Answer 25

In childhood might protect vs depressive symptoms in early adulthood.

Question 26

When does exercise produce larger antidepressant effects?

Answer 26

When the training program is at least 9 weeks long

Question 27

Define mood

Answer 27

State of emotional or affective arousal of varying, impermanent duration.

Question 28

What are the guidelines for using exercise to enhance mood

Answer 28

Rhythmic abdominal breathing Relative absence of interpersonal comp Closed + predictable activities Rhythmic + repetitive movements Duration, intensity + freq. Enjoyment

Question 29

What are the 3 interrelated components of mood regulation

Answer 29

Changing a bad mood Raising ones energy level Reducing tension

Question 30

What are the guidelines for using exercise as therapy

Answer 30

Explore client’s exercise history Provide a precise diagnosis of the psych problem. Use an individualized exercise prescription for duration, intensity, + frequency of exercise. Evaluate influence of family + friends (to facilitate support). Develop a plan for any lack of adherence + irregular patterns of exercise. Make exercise practical + functional (e.g., cycling to work) Encourage exercise as an adjunct to other forms of therapy. A multimodal therapeutic approach is more effective than the use of a single intervention. Include a variety of activities = enhances adherence to the exercise regimen. Ensure that exercise therapy is done only by qualified professionals.