WEEK 10 - EVIDENCE INTO PRACTISE

Question 1

Barriers in finding and using evidence. Individual barriers

Answer 1

• Lack of ability to find evidence resources
• Unfamiliar with how research is carried out
• Lack of confidence in how to read and interpret findings or adapt guidelines
• Lack of time
• Personality based barriers, e.g., they dislike the concept of EBP or are threatened by it

Question 2

Barriers in finding and using evidence. Organisational barriers

Answer 2

• Lack of resources
• Lack of support
• A workplace culture that devalues research
• Lack of time

Question 3

Encouraging individuals to implement evidence-based practice

Answer 3

• Ensure that good evidence is made readily available
• Researchers are moving away from jargon-heavy, statistical formats in favour of a more readable approach
• Motivation is an important factor – when a clinician can see the benefits of new evidence, they are more likely to adopt a new practice

Question 4

When evidence‐based practice is done well

Answer 4

• The patient’s perspective is ignored
• There are too many guidelines
• Practical and logistical problems
• No access/too expensive to access
• The evidence is confusing

Question 5

When evidence‐based practice is done badly

Answer 5

• Cites evidence derived from studies but asks no upstream questions about those studies
• Considers the world of published evidence to equate to the world of patient need
• Has little regard for the patient perspective and fails to acknowledge the significance of clinical judgement
• Draws on bad research

Question 6

How can we include the patient perspective in evidence‐based practice?

Answer 6

• Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMS) is a relatively new approach that looks at what matters most to patients rather than what researchers or clinicians think are the most important aspects
• Shared decision-making allows the patient to join in the deliberation over options available and make an informed choice
• A decision aid is a good way to present the pros and cons of each option objectively

Question 7

What is ethics?

Answer 7

The study of ideal human behaviour and existence, focused on understanding the concepts of and distinguishing between right and wrong

Question 8

What is the role and function of institutional ethics committees?

Answer 8

Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs) uphold the principles of ethical research conduct.
- Review ethics applications for human research - researchers’ experience, rigour of research, recruitment methods, and risks, benefits and protections to participants.

Question 9

What is Veracity

Answer 9

• The obligation to tell the truth.
• Researchers must provide participants with comprehensive, accurate and objective information about the research study → informed consent.

Question 10

What is Confidentiality

Answer 10

Comprises confidentiality, privacy and anonymity of research participants.

• Collect anonymous data.
• De-identify by removal of names and use of a code or pseudonym.

Question 11

What is Respect for Human Dignity

Answer 11

• Respect for human worth and the inherent value of all people.
• Particularly for vulnerable people with impaired ability to consent e.g in ICU, sedated or unconscious, episodic mental health condition, intellectual disability, or a cognitive impairment.