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KNPE 335 > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

individual factors to healthy aging - controlled

A
  1. nutrition and lifestyle habits
  2. mindset/outlook
  3. people we spend time with
  4. alterable environment
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2
Q

individual factors to healthy aging - not controlled

A
  1. genetics
  2. upbringing/family history
  3. past choices
  4. fixed environment
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3
Q

what is missing from controlled factors?

A
  1. social function/barriers
  2. cognitive barriers
  3. mental health
  4. education
  5. accessibility
  6. digital literacy
  7. access to services
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4
Q

what is missing from not-controlled factors?

A

diversity

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5
Q

what is the highest and most important barrier to healthy aging?

A

multi-morbidity
- second is low income/savings

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6
Q

what is the lowest barrier to healthy aging?

A

end of life planning

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7
Q

social comparison theory

A

process through which people come to know themselves by evaluating their own attitudes, abilities, and beliefs in comparison with others relates to self-evaluations and self-enhancement

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8
Q

two types of comparison

A
  1. upward comparison
  2. downward comparison
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9
Q

upward comparison

A

comparison to someone who appears to have things better
“you are better than me”

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10
Q

what does upward comparison lead to?

A

self improvement motivation and therefore self-improvement
- better yourself

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11
Q

downward comparison

A

comparison to someone who appears to have things worse
“i feel sorry for you”

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12
Q

what can downward social comparison lead to?

A

self-esteem and avoiding failure (reduces failure)

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13
Q

what happens with downward social comparison?

A

you perceive you’re better because they have things worse

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14
Q

social comparison and social beliefs

A

as you compare yourself to others you change your own beliefs

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15
Q

is social comparison an internal or external barrier to healthy aging?

A

internal barrier

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16
Q

what social comparison is most likely?

A

when comparing social status more likely to do an upward comparison because it results in improvements in overall health

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17
Q

negative social comparison

A

when comparison causes negative feelings (feel bad about yourself)
- has a negative effect on health

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18
Q

negative downward comparison

A

believe something like “what is the point of trying is i am going to end up like them anyways”

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19
Q

types of barriers

A
  1. physical
  2. social
  3. emotional
  4. spiritual
  5. environmental
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20
Q

physical barriers to healthy aging

A
  1. exercise
  2. nutrition
  3. sleep
  4. illness/disability
  5. knowledge
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21
Q

knowledge barrier to healthy aging

A

very important
- must understand health and healthy aging to age healthily

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22
Q

demographics of physical barriers to healthy aging

A
  1. age
  2. advanced age
  3. gender
  4. co-morbidities
  5. addiction
  6. medical events (heart attack, diabetes, surgery, vision or hearing loss)
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23
Q

social factors to healthy aging

A
  1. personal relationships (family, friends, pets)
  2. meaningful activity (hobbies, interests, groups)
  3. loneliness
  4. social isolation
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24
Q

who are more at risk for social barriers to healthy aging?

A
  1. immigrant older adults due to loneliness and social isolation
  2. those who are not a caregiver to anyone
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25
Q

social barriers to healthy aging

A
  1. illness and disability
  2. less access to quality relationships
  3. loss of contact with friends/relatives
  4. physical and cognitive limitations
  5. lack of supportive community
  6. personal responsibilities
  7. lack of acceptable social opportunities
  8. transportation
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26
Q

aging and driving

A

individuals 70+ are more likely to crash than drivers ages 25 and younger due to changes to vision, reflexes and hearing as you age
- reaction time also decreases with age

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27
Q

when you take an older adults license away what happens?

A
  1. loss of autonomy
  2. will have to depend on others (becoming stereotype)
  3. increased social isolation
  4. reduction in accessibility and health care
28
Q

what are accidents often due to for older adults?

A

cognitive changes, medical health and medications
- could be possible for younger people too so we shouldn’t take license away

29
Q

emotional barriers to healthy aging

A
  1. self-esteem
  2. self-knowledge
  3. coping skills, etc
30
Q

spiritual barriers to healthy aging

A
  1. nature and meaning of one’s life
  2. balancing what can and cannot be changed
  3. religious beliefs
  4. formal religion
31
Q

environmental barriers to healthy aging

A
  1. housing
  2. income
  3. services (health, hearing, dental, vision, recreation and food services)
  4. transportation and mobility
32
Q

primary facilitators to healthy aging

A
  1. healthy diet
  2. physical activity
  3. mental well-being
  4. social support
  5. preventive health and safety
  6. acceptance of aging
  7. multimodal interventions
  8. economic autonomy
33
Q

healthy diet facilitator

A

eating well can help people meet energy and nutrient needs and may help prevent chronic diseases

34
Q

physical activity facilitator

A

regular exercise can help people live longer and better
- may reduce risk of chronic conditions like heart disease and dementia

35
Q

mental well-being facilitator

A

maintaining balance, connecting with others and being prepared for challenges can help with mental well-being

36
Q

social support facilitator

A

social support and encouragement can help people age healthily

37
Q

preventive health and safety facilitator

A

regular checkups, immunizations, screenings and checking for vision and hearing loss can help with preventive health and safety

38
Q

acceptance of aging facilitator

A

accepting aging can help people make lifestyle decisions that take into account their physical and social situation

39
Q

multimodal interventions facilitator

A

incorporating PA, intellectual engagement, emotional control, social interaction, and meaning can help with healthy aging

40
Q

economic autonomy facilitator

A

increasing access to economic autonomy can help people age healthily

41
Q

health promotion

A

process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health by developing their resources to maintain or enhance well-being
- action for health using knowledge, communication and understanding

42
Q

healthy aging framework

A

identify: what matters most
engage: develop action plan
provide: patient education, support and resources
coach: virtually or in-person
revise: advance directives/care planning

43
Q

age-friendly community

A

community that responds to both the opportunities and challenges of an aging population by creating physical and social environments that support independent active living and enable older people to continue contributing to all aspects of community life

44
Q

core strategies for promoting healthy aging

A
  1. focus on prevention and wellness
  2. equity and accessibility
  3. person-centred approach
45
Q

focus on prevention and wellness

A
  1. proactive health screenings
  2. health education
  3. vaccine and immunization programs
46
Q

equity and accessibility

A
  1. address rural and remote access
  2. support for low-income older adults
  3. culturally sensitive care
47
Q

person-centered approach

A
  1. personalized health plans
  2. self-management support
  3. advance care planning
48
Q

6 evidence-based strategies for healthy aging

A
  1. PA
  2. nutrition
  3. social/leisure activities
  4. stress management
  5. sleep
  6. intellectual engagement
49
Q

intersectionality of physical activity and healthy aging

A

highest levels of PA reduce risk of cognitive decline and dementia by 20%

50
Q

what cause significant improvements in cognitive health and mental well-being

A

PA programs for older adults and cognitively stimulation exercise

51
Q

when does PA have most positive results on healthy aging?

A

when it is in combination with interventions
- reduces risk for anxiety and depression
- improves sleep quality

52
Q

sleep and brain health

A

at any age, getting a good night’s sleep supports brain health

53
Q

sleep problems

A

can lead to trouble with memory, concentration, and other cognitive functions

54
Q

lack of sleep and brain

A

lack of sleep makes the brain’s emotional center overreact, while reducing control over emotions, increasing risk of depression, aggression, and attention problems

55
Q

sleep-deprivation and emotional signals

A

sleep-deprived people have difficulty interpreting emotional signals and may respond more strongly to negative cues

56
Q

threat-bias

A

when sleep-deprived people often perceive neutral things as negative, leading ti a “threat-bias” in their perception

57
Q

social relationships (support groups, social groups)

A

maintain and improve cognitive and mental well-being

58
Q

relationship between

A
  1. social activity with global cognition, overall executive functioning, working memory, visuospatial abilities and processing speed
  2. social networks with global cognition
  3. social support with global cognition and episodic memory
59
Q

caloric restriction

A

been shown to beneficially effect cognitive aging
- NOT recommended for older adults

60
Q

nutrition

A

reduces risk of chronic disease and improves cognitive and mental health

61
Q

mediterranean diet

A

can result in lower risk of dementia

62
Q

isolated vitamin deficiencies

A

associated with cognitive disorders

63
Q

what is important to have for cognitive health?

A

adequate intake of protein, fiber, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids

64
Q

chronic stress and high allostatic load

A

speed up aging and raise the risk of age-related diseases

65
Q

what can support lower allostatic load and promote healthy aging?

A

managing stress, encouraging healthy behaviours (diet and exercise) and reducing physiological responses (through relaxation or social support)

KNPE 335 (9 decks)

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