Week 1 sem 2 med1022 Flashcards
Angle
Corner
Border
Edge
Tubercle
Small round projection
Small process
Process
Sticky out bit
Spine
‘Sharp’ pointy projection
Thornlike process
Fossa
Depression or hollow
Eg cubital fossa
Cavity
Empty space
Eg abdominal cavity
Tuberosity
Large rounded prominence on bone
Condyle
Convex part of joint surface
(Upside down U’
Round prominence at the end of a bone, where it articulates wit another bone
Cotyle
Cuplike shaped on end of bone wit articulation wit another bone (ie at joints)
U shaped
Joints of upper limb
Sternoclavicular Acromioclavicular Glenohumeral Humeralulna Humeralradial Proximal radioulna Distal radioulna Radiocarpal Inter-carpal Carpal-metacarpal Intermetacarpal (3) Metacarpal-phalangeal (5) Inter-phalangeal (9)
Axial skeleton
Skull
Sternum
Rib cage
Spinal column
3 spaces in upper limb
Axilla
Cubital fossa
Carpal tunnel
Component of synovial joints
Bones + hyaline cartilage on articular surface
Synovial membrane + fluid
Joint capsule ligaments
Accessory ligaments
Intra-articular disc (sometimes)
Menisci (like intra-articular disc, in knee)
Tendon (only in shoulder at glenohumeral joint)
Coracoclavicular ligaments
Accessory ligaments bw clavicle n scapula
Very strong
6 types of joints mechanically
Spheroidal Hinge Ellipsoid Saddle Pivot Plain
Tubercles, ridges, small fossa
Allow for ligament attachment
Fossa, spine, thickened borders
Allow for muscle attachment
Spatial summation
Pattern formation of limbs relies heavily on this
= the right precursor cells being precisely located at the right embryological stage
Reduction(mutation) of limb-patterning genes
Amelia=Absence of whole limb
Meromelia=absence of part of a limb
Hemimelia= absence of all/part/stunting of the DISTAL half of arm/leg
Adactyly-absence of all digits on limb