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MED 1022 > Anatomy lower limb > Flashcards

Anatomy lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus maximus innervation

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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2
Q

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

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3
Q

Gluteus maximus job

A

Extend thigh

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4
Q

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

A

Abducts thigh + mainly stabilizer (steadies pelvis on leg wen opposite leg is raised)

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5
Q 
deep muscles of gluteal region-job
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior gemellus 
Inferior gamellus
Quadratus femoris
A

Lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint

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6
Q

anterior compartemnt thigh innervation

A

femoral nerve (except Psoas major-Ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3) and pectinous (fem + obturator nerve)

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7
Q

quadiceps femoris job

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis

A

extensors of the leg at the knee

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8
Q

Flexors of the thigh at the hip (other gp of anterior compartment)

A

pectineus
satorius
Iliacus (the other part of illiopsoas)
Psoas major (one part of Iliopsoas)

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9
Q

blood supply of thigh

A

gluteal: inferior and superior arteries
anterior compartemnt: femoral artery and deep (femoral) artery
medial compartment: obturator artery and deep (femoral) artery
posterior compartment: deep (femoral artery) and femoral artery

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10
Q

medial compartment of thigh job

A
  • are all adductors of the thigh at the hip except obturator externus
  • All of them also flex except adductor longus n obturator externus (rotates thigh laterally at hip)
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11
Q

medial compartment of thigh innervation

A

all obturator nerve except

Hamstring part of Adductor magnus-tibial part of sciatic nerve

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12
Q

posterior compartment of thigh job

A

• flexors of the leg at the knee + extensors of the thigh at the hip (except the short head of the biceps femoris- Flexes leg, rotates laterally)

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13
Q

hamstrings=
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris long head

A

originate from ischial tuberosity

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14
Q

posterior compartment of thigh innervation

A

hamstrings: Tibial nerve (from sciatic) – L5, S1, S2

biceps femurs short head:Fibular division of sciatic nerve

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15
Q

Biceps femoris long head protects

A

sciatic nerve

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16
Q

UNHAPPY triad

A

due to lateral blow to side of knee where thigh is rotated n leg is straight

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17
Q

head n neck of femur blood supply

A

medial circumflex n artery of ligament of head of femur

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18
Q

innervation of piriformis

A

anterior rami of S1-S2

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19
Q

obturator internus and superior gamellus innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)

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20
Q

inferiror gamellus and quadratus femoris

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

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21
Q

obturator externus job

A

lateral rotation of thigh

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22
Q

pectineus job

A

flex n adduct thigh at hip

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23
Q

lateral circumflex femoral artery

A

supplies anterior part of gluteal region

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24
Q

knee joint ligaments -stop it from moving horizontally

A 
medial collateral (tibial collateral) ligament (MCL)
lateral collateral (fibular collateral) ligament (LCL)

helps stoping too much adduction/abduction

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25
Q

knee joints ligaments -stops moving anterior and posterior

A

Anterior cruciate ligament prevents anterior movement of tibia

Posterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior movement of tibia

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26
Q

posterior oblique ligament

A

at the back of knee joint

reflection of semimembranous

27
Q

menisci of knee joint

A

lateral meniscus
medial meniscus
Lateral menisci more promiment, deeps the ‘hole’ more than medially

28
Q

GREY

flexors of hip

A

iliopsoas, pectineus, satorius

29
Q

GREY

extend hip

A

gluteas maximus

hamstings

30
Q

GREY

abduct hip

A

glut med, glut min, tensor fascia latae

31
Q

GREY

adduct hip

A

medial compartment (minus obturator internus) aka the adductors + gracilis

32
Q

GREY

rotate hip medially

A

glut med n glut min

33
Q

GREY

rotate hip laterally

A

deep muscles of gluteal region

= piriformis, obturator internus, superior gamellus, inferior gamellus, quadratus femoris

34
Q

GREY

flex knee

A

hamstrings, gracillis, satorius, gastrocnemius

35
Q

GREY

extend knee

A

quadriceps femoris

36
Q

GREY

rotate knee medially

A

semimtendinosus, semimembranosus

37
Q

GREY

rotate laterally

A

biceps femoris

38
Q

unhappy triad

A

anterior cruciate ACL
medial collateral MCL
medial meniscus

39
Q

intramuscular injectsion

A

to avoid sciatic nerve

40
Q

INJURY TO COMMON FIBULAR (PERONEAL) NERVE

A

due to injury/trauma at head of fibula that compresses the nerve
• Patient wont be able to evert the foot.
• and gets foot drop (cos cant dorsifelx at ankle)

41
Q

INJURY TO TIBIAL NERVE

A

patient cant plantarflexion + hav weakened inversion of foot (leading to shuffling gait)

42
Q

femoral nerve lesion

A

mite get
wasting of quadriceps
weakness in leg extension
weakness in thigh flexion

43
Q

obturator nerve issue

A

weakness in adduction

44
Q

midpnt of inguinal ligament from ASIS to pubic tubercle

A

to get u nerve

45
Q

mid inguinal line (mid pnt of the inguinal line)-from asis to pubic symphesis

A

to get artery

46
Q

fracture at proximal femur

A

distal fragment is pulled upwards and rotated laterally

leg gets shortened n laterally rotated

47
Q

garden of femoral neck fractures

A

garden I= incomplete fracture through neck
II= complete fracture but still stuck togez
III=complete fracture n partially displaced
IV= complete fracture n completely displaced

48
Q

femoral nerve palsy could get in

A

femorla shaft fracture

49
Q

DISTAL FEMUR INJURIES

A

• Condyle separation à joint misalignment
– What structure is vulnerable to injury?-femoral artery
• Long recovery period

50
Q

posterior knee dislocation

A

in car or hyperextension of knee

may damage popliteal artery

51
Q

posterior cruciate ligament injury

A

in car or hyperflexion

52
Q

great saphenous injury

A

Can become varicose (swollen, twisted and lengthened) ,

can thrombose. Which can lead to a deep vein thrombosis

53
Q

SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE INJURY

A
  • Hip dislocation/subluxation, greater trochanter fracture

* get positive Trendelenburg test (pelvis on unsupported side descends) or swing-out gait

54
Q

Risk of strangulation of herniated section of bowel

A

blcoks blood supply to part of the bowel-=necrosis =>gangrene.

55
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

occurring in the groin

56
Q

Femoral hernia

A

occurring high on the thigh, where the leg joins the body, just below inguinal ligament

57
Q

Patellar dislocation

A

• Lateral – what normally counteracts lateral pull on patella? Vastus medialis

58
Q

ACL rupture

A

• Happens in SPORT, wen THIGH ROTATES WHILE LEGS ARE PLANTED

popping” sound

59
Q

PCL tear:

A

• OCCURS WEN LEG IS FLEXED AT THIGH, n FORCE PUSHES POSTEIRORLY,

60
Q

TCL aka MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT tear

A
  • Blow to lateral side of extended knee or twisting of knee

* Do Valgus stress test – TCL laxity

61
Q

Meniscal tears:

A

Which one commonly tears? MEDIAL MENISCUS
- Positive McMurray’s test:
- If clicking felt when knee hyperflexed, varus stressed, and leg extended =medial meniscus
- If clicking with valgus stress =lateral meniscus
Get joint locking, giving way, pain,

Pain on lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur indicates injury of the lateral meniscus (Fig. B5.34A), whereas pain on medial rotation of the tibia on the femur indicates injury of the medial meniscus

62
Q

Prepatellar bursitis/Housemaid’s knee:

A

• Friction between skin and patella; swelling on anterior aspect of knee

63
Q

Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis/Clergyman’s knee:

A

bursa bw skin n patellar ligament (bottom ligament)

MED 1022 (16 decks)

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