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MED 1022 > Anatomy lower limb > Flashcards

Anatomy lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus maximus innervation

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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2
Q

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

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3
Q

Gluteus maximus job

A

Extend thigh

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4
Q

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

A

Abducts thigh + mainly stabilizer (steadies pelvis on leg wen opposite leg is raised)

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5
Q 
deep muscles of gluteal region-job
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior gemellus 
Inferior gamellus
Quadratus femoris
A

Lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint

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6
Q

anterior compartemnt thigh innervation

A

femoral nerve (except Psoas major-Ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3) and pectinous (fem + obturator nerve)

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7
Q

quadiceps femoris job

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis

A

extensors of the leg at the knee

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8
Q

Flexors of the thigh at the hip (other gp of anterior compartment)

A

pectineus
satorius
Iliacus (the other part of illiopsoas)
Psoas major (one part of Iliopsoas)

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9
Q

blood supply of thigh

A

gluteal: inferior and superior arteries
anterior compartemnt: femoral artery and deep (femoral) artery
medial compartment: obturator artery and deep (femoral) artery
posterior compartment: deep (femoral artery) and femoral artery

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10
Q

medial compartment of thigh job

A
  • are all adductors of the thigh at the hip except obturator externus
  • All of them also flex except adductor longus n obturator externus (rotates thigh laterally at hip)
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11
Q

medial compartment of thigh innervation

A

all obturator nerve except

Hamstring part of Adductor magnus-tibial part of sciatic nerve

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12
Q

posterior compartment of thigh job

A

• flexors of the leg at the knee + extensors of the thigh at the hip (except the short head of the biceps femoris- Flexes leg, rotates laterally)

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13
Q

hamstrings=
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris long head

A

originate from ischial tuberosity

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14
Q

posterior compartment of thigh innervation

A

hamstrings: Tibial nerve (from sciatic) – L5, S1, S2

biceps femurs short head:Fibular division of sciatic nerve

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15
Q

Biceps femoris long head protects

A

sciatic nerve

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16
Q

UNHAPPY triad

A

due to lateral blow to side of knee where thigh is rotated n leg is straight

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17
Q

head n neck of femur blood supply

A

medial circumflex n artery of ligament of head of femur

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18
Q

innervation of piriformis

A

anterior rami of S1-S2

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19
Q

obturator internus and superior gamellus innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)

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20
Q

inferiror gamellus and quadratus femoris

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

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21
Q

obturator externus job

A

lateral rotation of thigh

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22
Q

pectineus job

A

flex n adduct thigh at hip

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23
Q

lateral circumflex femoral artery

A

supplies anterior part of gluteal region

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24
Q

knee joint ligaments -stop it from moving horizontally

A 
medial collateral (tibial collateral) ligament (MCL)
lateral collateral (fibular collateral) ligament (LCL)

helps stoping too much adduction/abduction

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25
knee joints ligaments -stops moving anterior and posterior
Anterior cruciate ligament prevents anterior movement of tibia Posterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior movement of tibia
26
posterior oblique ligament
at the back of knee joint | reflection of semimembranous
27
menisci of knee joint
lateral meniscus medial meniscus Lateral menisci more promiment, deeps the ‘hole’ more than medially
28
GREY | flexors of hip
iliopsoas, pectineus, satorius
29
GREY | extend hip
gluteas maximus | hamstings
30
GREY | abduct hip
glut med, glut min, tensor fascia latae
31
GREY | adduct hip
medial compartment (minus obturator internus) aka the adductors + gracilis
32
GREY | rotate hip medially
glut med n glut min
33
GREY | rotate hip laterally
deep muscles of gluteal region | = piriformis, obturator internus, superior gamellus, inferior gamellus, quadratus femoris
34
GREY | flex knee
hamstrings, gracillis, satorius, gastrocnemius
35
GREY | extend knee
quadriceps femoris
36
GREY | rotate knee medially
semimtendinosus, semimembranosus
37
GREY | rotate laterally
biceps femoris
38
unhappy triad
anterior cruciate ACL medial collateral MCL medial meniscus
39
intramuscular injectsion
to avoid sciatic nerve
40
INJURY TO COMMON FIBULAR (PERONEAL) NERVE
due to injury/trauma at head of fibula that compresses the nerve • Patient wont be able to evert the foot. • and gets foot drop (cos cant dorsifelx at ankle)
41
INJURY TO TIBIAL NERVE
patient cant plantarflexion + hav weakened inversion of foot (leading to shuffling gait)
42
femoral nerve lesion
mite get wasting of quadriceps weakness in leg extension weakness in thigh flexion
43
obturator nerve issue
weakness in adduction
44
midpnt of inguinal ligament from ASIS to pubic tubercle
to get u nerve
45
mid inguinal line (mid pnt of the inguinal line)-from asis to pubic symphesis
to get artery
46
fracture at proximal femur
distal fragment is pulled upwards and rotated laterally leg gets shortened n laterally rotated
47
garden of femoral neck fractures
garden I= incomplete fracture through neck II= complete fracture but still stuck togez III=complete fracture n partially displaced IV= complete fracture n completely displaced
48
femoral nerve palsy could get in
femorla shaft fracture
49
DISTAL FEMUR INJURIES
• Condyle separation à joint misalignment – What structure is vulnerable to injury?-femoral artery • Long recovery period
50
posterior knee dislocation
in car or hyperextension of knee | may damage popliteal artery
51
posterior cruciate ligament injury
in car or hyperflexion
52
great saphenous injury
Can become varicose (swollen, twisted and lengthened) , | can thrombose. Which can lead to a deep vein thrombosis
53
SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE INJURY
* Hip dislocation/subluxation, greater trochanter fracture | * get positive Trendelenburg test (pelvis on unsupported side descends) or swing-out gait
54
Risk of strangulation of herniated section of bowel
blcoks blood supply to part of the bowel-=necrosis =>gangrene.
55
Inguinal hernia
occurring in the groin
56
Femoral hernia
occurring high on the thigh, where the leg joins the body, just below inguinal ligament
57
Patellar dislocation
• Lateral – what normally counteracts lateral pull on patella? Vastus medialis
58
ACL rupture
• Happens in SPORT, wen THIGH ROTATES WHILE LEGS ARE PLANTED | popping” sound
59
PCL tear:
• OCCURS WEN LEG IS FLEXED AT THIGH, n FORCE PUSHES POSTEIRORLY,
60
TCL aka MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT tear
* Blow to lateral side of extended knee or twisting of knee | * Do Valgus stress test – TCL laxity
61
Meniscal tears:
Which one commonly tears? MEDIAL MENISCUS - Positive McMurray’s test: - If clicking felt when knee hyperflexed, varus stressed, and leg extended =medial meniscus - If clicking with valgus stress =lateral meniscus Get joint locking, giving way, pain, Pain on lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur indicates injury of the lateral meniscus (Fig. B5.34A), whereas pain on medial rotation of the tibia on the femur indicates injury of the medial meniscus
62
Prepatellar bursitis/Housemaid’s knee:
• Friction between skin and patella; swelling on anterior aspect of knee
63
Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis/Clergyman’s knee:
bursa bw skin n patellar ligament (bottom ligament)

MED 1022 (16 decks)

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