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MED 1022 > Anatomy Upper Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy Upper Limb Flashcards

0
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

An ossification inside the tendon of a muscle. Usually where that tendon goes around the corner of the joint.

Keeps tendon in place n enhance the mechanical function of the muscle

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1
Q

Olecranon

A

Elbow n proximal portion of the ulna

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2
Q

thenar eminence muscles

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

innervated by median nerve

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3
Q

hypothenar eminence muscles

A

Opponens digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

innervated by ulnar nerve

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4
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

innervate Brachialis, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii

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5
Q

axillary nerve

A

innervates:

  1. long head of triceps
  2. teres minor
  3. deltoids
  4. shoulder joint
  5. the “regimental badge” area
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6
Q

The Quadrangular Space-CEHCK

A 
borders: 
Superior – Subscapularis and teres minor.
Inferior – Teres major.
Laterally – Surgical neck of humerus.
Medially – Long head of triceps brachii.
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7
Q

rotator cuff injuries

A

Tendinitis. The rotator cuff tendons can be irritated or damaged/inflamed.

Bursitis. The bursa can become inflamed and swell with more fluid causing pain.

Impingement. When you raise your arm to shoulder height, the space between the acromion and rotator cuff narrows. The acromion can rub against (or “impinge” on) the tendon and the bursa, causing irritation and pain.

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8
Q

radial nerve

A

passes in radial groove
goes to lateral border of humerus
n bw brachioradialis n brachialis
n anterior of lateral epicondyle of humerus
from cubital fossa, splits into 2 branches-deep branch n superficial branch

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9
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

Medial part:
ulnar nerve
Lateral part:
median nerve

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10
Q

median nerve

A

The median nerve arises from the cubital fossa and passes between the two heads of pronator teres. It then travels between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus before emerging between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor pollicis longus.

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11
Q

GREY

elevate scapula

A

levator scapulae, trapezius

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12
Q

GREY

depress scapula

A

pectoralis minor

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13
Q

GREY

protrude scapula

A

serratus anterior

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14
Q

GREY

depress glenoid

A

rhomboids

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15
Q

GREY

elevate glenoid

A

serratus anterior, trapezius

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16
Q

GREY

retract scapula

A

rhomboids, trapezius

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17
Q

GREY

flex wrist

A

flex carpi radialis, ulnaris

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18
Q

GREY

extend wrist

A

all extensor carpi muscles

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19
Q

GREY

abduct wrist

A

flexor/extensor carpi radialis

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20
Q

GREY

adduct wrist

A

flexor/extensor carpi ulnaris

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21
Q

GREY

flex metacarpophalangeal

A

interossi n lumbricals

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22
Q

GREY

extend metacarpophalangeal

A

extensor digitorum

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23
Q

GREY

flex proximal interphalangeal (PIP)

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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24
GREY | extend proximal interphalangeal (PIP)
interossei n lumbricals
25
GREY | flex distal interphalangeal (DIP)
flexor digitorum profundus
26
GREY | extend distal interphalangeal (DIP)
interossei n lumbricals
27
2 bursa
subscapular bursa | subacromial bursa
28
abductionof shoulder
first 15 degrees=supraspinatus (suprascapular nerve) deltoids up to 90 degrees (axillary trapezius (spinal accessory cranial nerve XI and C3, C4)
29
anterior compartment muscles arm
biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
30
anteiror compartment job arm
mainly flexor of elbow | coraco flex arm at shoulder
31
anteiiror comparmtnet blood supply arm
brachial artery
32
anteiror compartment innervation arm
musculoskeletal
33
posterior compartment muscles arm
triceps n anconeus
34
posteiior compatmet arm job
extend elbow
35
posteiorr compartment arm innervation
radial nerve
36
posterior compartment arm blood supply
profunda brachii
37
carpal tunnel
4 from flex dig profundus 4 from flex dig super 1 from pollicis longus
38
cubital fossa contents
medial to lat: | median nerve, brachial artery, tendon of biceps, radial nerve (my blood turns red)
39
cubital fossa superior border
imaginary line bw medial n lateral epicondyle
40
cubital fossa medial boundary
pronator teres
41
cubital fossa lateral boundary
brachioradialis
42
cubital fossa apex
meeting pnt of pronator teres n brachioradialis
43
cubital fossa floow
brachialis, supinator
44
anatomical snuff box anteriorly
abductor pollicis longus | extensor pollicis brevis
45
anatomical snuff box posteriorly
extensor pollicis longus
46
anatomical snuff box contents
superficial branch of radial nerve, cephalic vein, radial artery
47
axilla base
skin of armpit n fascia
48
axilla apex
1st rib, clavicle, superior part of scapula
49
axilla anterior wall
pect major/min
50
axilla posteiror wall
subscapularis, teres major, lat dorsi, long head of triceps
51
axilla medial wall
upper rib cage, intercostal + serratus anterior
52
axilla lateral wall
humerus
53
quadrangular space
axillary n post circumflex go through borders= teres min/teres major, shaft of humerus, long head of triceps
54
triangular space
circumflex scapular artery n vein
55
triangular interval
radial nerve n profunda brachii
56
anterior dislocation of humerus
musculocutaneous most endangered. axillary nerve can also be in trouble
57
clavicle issues
most likely to fracture in middle third of clavicle due to: FOOSH or delivery of baby complications- pain wen lifting up arm, malunion
58
fracture at surgical nerck of humerus
mite damage axillary nerve, | circumflex humeral arteries
59
fracture at shaft of humerus
radial nerve n profunda brachii
60
fracture at distal end of humerus
median nerve
61
issues at medial epicondyle
ulnar nerve
62
damage to long thoracic nerve
winged scapula
63
pulsations in arm
at medial bicipital groove for brachial artery
64
o Impacted fracture of humerus due to
minor fall on hand
65
o Avulsion fracture of humerus due to
• Fall on the acromion/hand when arm is abducted
66
o Transverse fracture of humerus due to
direct blow to arm
67
o Spiral fracture of humerus due to
FOOSH
68
o Intercondylar fracture of humerus due to
• Severe fall on flexed elbow
69
scaphoid fracture
o Fall on the palm when hand is abducted o Pain on lateral side of wrist, palpation of anatomical snuffbox o Can take up to 14 days to be seen on X-ray
70
• Hamate fracture
ulnar nerve is close to the hook of hamate and may be damaged o Ulnar artery too
71
• Elbow joint | o Usually dislocate
Posteriorly
72
o Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis – | o
‘student’s elbow’
73
rotator cuff
o Most common supraspinatous tendon | o Often repetitive overhead motions
74
• Tendinitis most common
biceps tendinitis – long head of biceps moving back and forth in the bicipital groove
75
• Thoracodorsal nerve
o Lat dorsi o Surgery in inferior part of the axilla o E.g. mastectomies, surgery on scapular lymph nodes o Can’t climb
76
upper brachial plexus injury (C5, C6)
occurs wen there is a massive neck lateral flexion get Erb's palsy, which has a symptoms of 1. waiters tip 2. paralysis (and maybe atrophy) of deltoids, biceps and brachial is 3.• Loss of sensation over lateral aspect of forearm could be due to during birth or fall on neck
77
waiter's tip
arm hangs by the side in medial rotation
78
lower brachial plexus injury (C8/T1)
due to arm suddenly being pulled superiorly eg fall from tree get Klumpke paralysis-paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles, can get claw hand,
79
• Synovial cyst
o Non-tender cystic swelling on the hand, usually the dorsum of wrist
80
• First rib has scalene tubercle
medial to tubercle = division of brachila plexus + subclavian vein, lateral to tubercle is subclavian vein
81
• Subluxation/dislocation of the radial head
annular ligament was meant to hold head of radius in place
82
• Handlebar neuropathy
- ulnar nerve issues at guyon’s canal
83
• Colles’ fracture
o Fracture of distal radius with postero-radial displacement of the hand (dinner fork) o FOOSH o Often seen in people with osteoporosis
84
• Smith’s fracture
o Fracture of distal radius with ventral displacement of hand o Fall on flexed hand
85
axillary nerve injury due to
anterior dislocation or compression due to crutches or incorrect injection into the deltoid present as deltoid atrophies, loss of sensation in regimental patch
86
patient can't give ok sign
due to paralysis of flexor pollicis longus + flexor digi profundus median nerve issue
87
hand of benediction
index finger can't flex due to paralysis of lateral half of flexor dig profundus median nerve issue
88
carpal tunnel
* Paraesthesia, hypoesthesia, anaesthesia in the lateral 3 and a half fingers * Weakness of thumb – difficulty opposing it thus gripping things, buttoning shirts etc.
89
median nerve lesion at wrist
weakness of abductor pollicis brevis (demonstrate wit pen touching test)
90
median nerve lesion at cubital fossa
oschner's clasping test
91
ulnar nerve issues
wasting of hand,clawing of 4th n 5th digit, froment's sign
92
unable to flex fingers
ruptured superficialis
93
lateral capitulum | and the medial trochlea
(for the head of the radius) | for the trochlear notch of the ulna

MED 1022 (16 decks)

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