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MED 1022 > Anatomy Upper Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy Upper Limb Flashcards

0
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

An ossification inside the tendon of a muscle. Usually where that tendon goes around the corner of the joint.

Keeps tendon in place n enhance the mechanical function of the muscle

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1
Q

Olecranon

A

Elbow n proximal portion of the ulna

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2
Q

thenar eminence muscles

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

innervated by median nerve

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3
Q

hypothenar eminence muscles

A

Opponens digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

innervated by ulnar nerve

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4
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

innervate Brachialis, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii

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5
Q

axillary nerve

A

innervates:

  1. long head of triceps
  2. teres minor
  3. deltoids
  4. shoulder joint
  5. the “regimental badge” area
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6
Q

The Quadrangular Space-CEHCK

A 
borders: 
Superior – Subscapularis and teres minor.
Inferior – Teres major.
Laterally – Surgical neck of humerus.
Medially – Long head of triceps brachii.
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7
Q

rotator cuff injuries

A

Tendinitis. The rotator cuff tendons can be irritated or damaged/inflamed.

Bursitis. The bursa can become inflamed and swell with more fluid causing pain.

Impingement. When you raise your arm to shoulder height, the space between the acromion and rotator cuff narrows. The acromion can rub against (or “impinge” on) the tendon and the bursa, causing irritation and pain.

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8
Q

radial nerve

A

passes in radial groove
goes to lateral border of humerus
n bw brachioradialis n brachialis
n anterior of lateral epicondyle of humerus
from cubital fossa, splits into 2 branches-deep branch n superficial branch

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9
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

Medial part:
ulnar nerve
Lateral part:
median nerve

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10
Q

median nerve

A

The median nerve arises from the cubital fossa and passes between the two heads of pronator teres. It then travels between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus before emerging between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor pollicis longus.

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11
Q

GREY

elevate scapula

A

levator scapulae, trapezius

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12
Q

GREY

depress scapula

A

pectoralis minor

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13
Q

GREY

protrude scapula

A

serratus anterior

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14
Q

GREY

depress glenoid

A

rhomboids

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15
Q

GREY

elevate glenoid

A

serratus anterior, trapezius

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16
Q

GREY

retract scapula

A

rhomboids, trapezius

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17
Q

GREY

flex wrist

A

flex carpi radialis, ulnaris

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18
Q

GREY

extend wrist

A

all extensor carpi muscles

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19
Q

GREY

abduct wrist

A

flexor/extensor carpi radialis

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20
Q

GREY

adduct wrist

A

flexor/extensor carpi ulnaris

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21
Q

GREY

flex metacarpophalangeal

A

interossi n lumbricals

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22
Q

GREY

extend metacarpophalangeal

A

extensor digitorum

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23
Q

GREY

flex proximal interphalangeal (PIP)

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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24
Q

GREY

extend proximal interphalangeal (PIP)

A

interossei n lumbricals

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25
Q

GREY

flex distal interphalangeal (DIP)

A

flexor digitorum profundus

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26
Q

GREY

extend distal interphalangeal (DIP)

A

interossei n lumbricals

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27
Q

2 bursa

A

subscapular bursa

subacromial bursa

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28
Q

abductionof shoulder

A

first 15 degrees=supraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)
deltoids up to 90 degrees (axillary
trapezius (spinal accessory cranial nerve XI and C3, C4)

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29
Q

anterior compartment muscles arm

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

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30
Q

anteiror compartment job arm

A

mainly flexor of elbow

coraco flex arm at shoulder

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31
Q

anteiiror comparmtnet blood supply arm

A

brachial artery

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32
Q

anteiror compartment innervation arm

A

musculoskeletal

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33
Q

posterior compartment muscles arm

A

triceps n anconeus

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34
Q

posteiior compatmet arm job

A

extend elbow

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35
Q

posteiorr compartment arm innervation

A

radial nerve

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36
Q

posterior compartment arm blood supply

A

profunda brachii

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37
Q

carpal tunnel

A

4 from flex dig profundus
4 from flex dig super
1 from pollicis longus

38
Q

cubital fossa contents

A

medial to lat:

median nerve, brachial artery, tendon of biceps, radial nerve (my blood turns red)

39
Q

cubital fossa superior border

A

imaginary line bw medial n lateral epicondyle

40
Q

cubital fossa medial boundary

A

pronator teres

41
Q

cubital fossa lateral boundary

A

brachioradialis

42
Q

cubital fossa apex

A

meeting pnt of pronator teres n brachioradialis

43
Q

cubital fossa floow

A

brachialis, supinator

44
Q

anatomical snuff box anteriorly

A

abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis

45
Q

anatomical snuff box posteriorly

A

extensor pollicis longus

46
Q

anatomical snuff box contents

A

superficial branch of radial nerve, cephalic vein, radial artery

47
Q

axilla base

A

skin of armpit n fascia

48
Q

axilla apex

A

1st rib, clavicle, superior part of scapula

49
Q

axilla anterior wall

A

pect major/min

50
Q

axilla posteiror wall

A

subscapularis, teres major, lat dorsi, long head of triceps

51
Q

axilla medial wall

A

upper rib cage, intercostal + serratus anterior

52
Q

axilla lateral wall

A

humerus

53
Q

quadrangular space

A

axillary n post circumflex go through

borders= teres min/teres major, shaft of humerus, long head of triceps

54
Q

triangular space

A

circumflex scapular artery n vein

55
Q

triangular interval

A

radial nerve n profunda brachii

56
Q

anterior dislocation of humerus

A

musculocutaneous most endangered. axillary nerve can also be in trouble

57
Q

clavicle issues

A

most likely to fracture in middle third of clavicle
due to: FOOSH or delivery of baby
complications- pain wen lifting up arm, malunion

58
Q

fracture at surgical nerck of humerus

A

mite damage axillary nerve,

circumflex humeral arteries

59
Q

fracture at shaft of humerus

A

radial nerve n profunda brachii

60
Q

fracture at distal end of humerus

A

median nerve

61
Q

issues at medial epicondyle

A

ulnar nerve

62
Q

damage to long thoracic nerve

A

winged scapula

63
Q

pulsations in arm

A

at medial bicipital groove for brachial artery

64
Q

o Impacted fracture of humerus due to

A

minor fall on hand

65
Q

o Avulsion fracture of humerus due to

A

• Fall on the acromion/hand when arm is abducted

66
Q

o Transverse fracture of humerus due to

A

direct blow to arm

67
Q

o Spiral fracture of humerus due to

A

FOOSH

68
Q

o Intercondylar fracture of humerus due to

A

• Severe fall on flexed elbow

69
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

o Fall on the palm when hand is abducted
o Pain on lateral side of wrist, palpation of anatomical snuffbox
o Can take up to 14 days to be seen on X-ray

70
Q

• Hamate fracture

A

ulnar nerve is close to the hook of hamate and may be damaged
o Ulnar artery too

71
Q

• Elbow joint

o Usually dislocate

A

Posteriorly

72
Q

o Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis –

o

A

‘student’s elbow’

73
Q

rotator cuff

A

o Most common supraspinatous tendon

o Often repetitive overhead motions

74
Q

• Tendinitis most common

A

biceps tendinitis – long head of biceps moving back and forth in the bicipital groove

75
Q

• Thoracodorsal nerve

A

o Lat dorsi
o Surgery in inferior part of the axilla
o E.g. mastectomies, surgery on scapular lymph nodes
o Can’t climb

76
Q

upper brachial plexus injury (C5, C6)

A

occurs wen there is a massive neck lateral flexion
get Erb’s palsy, which has a symptoms of
1. waiters tip
2. paralysis (and maybe atrophy) of deltoids, biceps and brachial is
3.• Loss of sensation over lateral aspect of forearm

could be due to during birth or fall on neck

77
Q

waiter’s tip

A

arm hangs by the side in medial rotation

78
Q

lower brachial plexus injury (C8/T1)

A

due to arm suddenly being pulled superiorly eg fall from tree
get Klumpke paralysis-paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles, can get claw hand,

79
Q

• Synovial cyst

A

o Non-tender cystic swelling on the hand, usually the dorsum of wrist

80
Q

• First rib has scalene tubercle

A

medial to tubercle = division of brachila plexus + subclavian vein, lateral to tubercle is subclavian vein

81
Q

• Subluxation/dislocation of the radial head

A

annular ligament was meant to hold head of radius in place

82
Q

• Handlebar neuropathy

A
  • ulnar nerve issues at guyon’s canal
83
Q

• Colles’ fracture

A

o Fracture of distal radius with postero-radial displacement of the hand (dinner fork)
o FOOSH
o Often seen in people with osteoporosis

84
Q

• Smith’s fracture

A

o Fracture of distal radius with ventral displacement of hand
o Fall on flexed hand

85
Q

axillary nerve injury due to

A

anterior dislocation
or compression due to crutches or
incorrect injection into the deltoid
present as deltoid atrophies, loss of sensation in regimental patch

86
Q

patient can’t give ok sign

A

due to paralysis of flexor pollicis longus + flexor digi profundus
median nerve issue

87
Q

hand of benediction

A

index finger can’t flex due to paralysis of lateral half of flexor dig profundus
median nerve issue

88
Q

carpal tunnel

A
  • Paraesthesia, hypoesthesia, anaesthesia in the lateral 3 and a half fingers
  • Weakness of thumb – difficulty opposing it thus gripping things, buttoning shirts etc.
89
Q

median nerve lesion at wrist

A

weakness of abductor pollicis brevis (demonstrate wit pen touching test)

90
Q

median nerve lesion at cubital fossa

A

oschner’s clasping test

91
Q

ulnar nerve issues

A

wasting of hand,clawing of 4th n 5th digit, froment’s sign

92
Q

unable to flex fingers

A

ruptured superficialis

93
Q

lateral capitulum

and the medial trochlea

A

(for the head of the radius)

for the trochlear notch of the ulna

MED 1022 (16 decks)

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