Week 1: Review of Respiratory System and Upper Respi Diseases Flashcards
Movement of air in and out of the lungs passage (Thorax and Diaphragm).
Pulmonary Ventilation
Exchange of gases between air and blood at pulmonary capillaries (Alveoli).
External Respiration
02 and CO2 carried in blood associated with RBC’s. (In the heart)
Gas Transport through blood vessels/ Circulation
Exchange of gasses between blood and body cells at systemic capillaries. 02 out of the blood, CO2 into the blood.
Internal Respiration
Breakdown of molecules at mitochondria within cells to form ATP, this uses up oxygen and produces CO2 as a by-product
Cellular Respiration
5 steps in respiratory process
PEGIC
Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Gas Transport through blood vessels/ Circulation
5 steps in respiratory process
PEGIC
Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Gas Transport through blood vessels/ Circulation
Internal Respiration
Cellular Respiration
how to get Total Lung Capacity
TLC=FRC+IC
Characterized by a reduction in lung volume
Restrictive respiratory disorder
who has a high mortality. 35 - 75 years of age for COPD?
Male
reflex response to irritation of upper respiratory tract
Sneezing
reflex response to irritation of lower respiratory tract.
Coughing
due to constant irritation and often the result of persistent cough.
Sputum production/phlegm
Increased depth and rate of breathing
Hyperpnoea
Gradual increase and decrease in respirations with periods of apnea
Cheyne stokes
Abnormal breathing pattern with clusters of rapid respiration of equal depth and regular apnea periods
Biot’s
Tachypnea and hyperpnea
Kussmaul’s
Prolonged inspiratory phase with prolonged expiratory phase
Apneustic
crowing sound during breathing. Caused by turbulent airflow through a narrowed upper airway.
Stridor
is an inspiratory sound due to vibration in the pharynx during sleep.
Stertorous beathing
a subjective discomfort feeling during breathing.
dsypnea
increased intensity and clarity of the spoken word during auscultation.
Bronchophony
Causes of Clubbing: (ABCDEF)
Abscess (lung)
Bronchiectasis (including CF)
Cancer (lung)
Decreased oxygen (hypoxia)
Empyema
Fibrosing (cystic fibrosis)
Upper respiratory diseases
URI
Croup
Epiglottitis
Flu (Influenza)
Lower RD
Bronchiolitis (RSV)
Pneumonia
SARS
TB
Fungal diseases
Expansion disorders APPR
Atelectasis
Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax
Resp. distress syndrome
Treatment for uncomplicated influenza
Antivirals: Tamiflu
coughing, sneezing and sore throat.
Common cold
3 respiratory infections of children
LEB
Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) upper tract infection
Epiglottitis / upper tract infection
Bronchiolitis (respiratory syncytial virus (RSV]) lower tract infection
Get necrosis & inflammation in small bronchi & bronchioles in young infants (2mon-12mons)
Bronchiolitis (respiratory syncytial virus (RSV]) lower tract infection
Occurs when an undrained collection of pus accumulates in a sinus.
Acute bacterial sinusitis
the most common sinuses affected in hay fever
(maxillary sinuses
Epistaxis is the bleeding from?
Kiesselbach’s plexus
Most common cause of vocal hoarseness
Acute laryngitis
treatment for acute laryngitis
Erythromycin
Others that cause pneumonia:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
respiratory center for muscle of respiration
medulla oblongata and pons stimulates the muscles of inspiration
sensory signals to the respiratory center. Receptors are classified as:
chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, proprioceptors, and stretch receptors.
inappropriate breathlessness at night.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
dyspnea on the upright position relieved by supine position
Platypnea
patients with influenza usually recovers within
1 week
