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MEDSURG 112 Prelim > Cellular Aberrations: Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Cellular Aberrations: Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

deviation from a normal functioning of the anatomy of a cell

A

aberrations

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2
Q

cell growth and spead unrestrained

A

Cancer

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3
Q

transformation from normal cell to neoplastic cell

A

Carcinogenesis

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4
Q

Most common cancers:

A

Lungs, Breast, Colon, Rectum

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5
Q

cancer is the most leading cause of epidemic non-communicable diseases at what place?

A

3rd

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6
Q

every Filipino dies because of cancer at what rate?

A

4

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7
Q

most caner in male

A

protstate

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8
Q

testicular cancer is most common in?

A

22-34 yrs old

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9
Q

cancer arise from epithelial tissue

A

Carcinoma

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9
Q

cancer arise from epithelial tissue

A

Carcinoma

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10
Q

cancer arise from supportive tissueq

A

Sarcoma

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11
Q

blood forming tissue

A

Leukemia

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12
Q

malignant neoplasm of lymphatic tissue

A

Lymphoma

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13
Q

cancer arise from plasma cells

A

myeloma

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14
Q

2 theories under pathogenesis

A

Cellular transformaton and derrangement theory
Failure of the Immune Response theoyr

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15
Q

5 steps of Carcinogenesis
IPLPI

A

Imitation
Promotion
Latency
Progression
Invasion of Neighboring organism

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16
Q

Etiologic factors caused by HPV, Hepa b and c, Cytomegalovirus

A

Oncovirus

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17
Q

Etiologic factors caused by H. Pylori to cause gastric cancer

A

Bacteria

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18
Q

Etiologic factors caused by fungi

A

mycotoxins , aflatoxin

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19
Q

Etiologic factors caused by chemical carcinogens

A

Sweetener, processed meats, red meats

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20
Q

Etiologic factors caused by physical

A

radiation, xray, trauma

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21
Q

Etiologic factors caused by hormones

A

estrogen

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22
Q

Etiologic factors caused by genetics,

A

oncogene-carcinogen-cell structure change- carcinoma

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23
Q

Etiologic factors caused by endogenous

A

hereditary

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24
Q

Etiologic factors caused by exogenous

A

carcinogens

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25
Q

FNAC

A

Fine needle Aspiration Surgery

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26
Q

Mitotic division produce a diploid number of

A

46 chromosomes.

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27
Q

Meiosis composed of haploid number of

A

23 chromosomes.

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28
Q

Derives from the latin ______ which means cancer.

A

crab

29
Q

group of disorders characterized by abnormal
cell growth and the ability to metastasize with potential in killing the
host

A

Cellular Aberrations -

30
Q

Occurs when cancer cells infiltrate adjacent tissues surrounding the
neoplasm.

A

INVASION
* Occurs wh

31
Q

process whereby cells develop specific structures and function
is order to specialized in certain task.

A

DIFFERENTIATION

32
Q

Increase in size of normal cells

A

*HYPERTROPY

33
Q

Shrinkage of cell size

A

ATROPHY

34
Q
  • Increase in number of normal cells
A

HYPERPLASIA

35
Q

Conversion from the normal pattern of differentiation
of one type of cells into another type of cell not normal for that tissue

A

METAPLASIA

36
Q

Alteration in the shape, size, appearance, and
distribution of cells

A

DYSPLASIA

37
Q

Disorganized, irregular cells that have no structure and
have lots of differentiation; the result is almost malignant.

A

ANAPLASIA -

38
Q

conceptualizes that normal cells may be transformed into
cancer cells due to exposure to some etiologic agents

A

Cellular Transformation and Derangement Theory

39
Q

advocates that all individuals possess cancer cells. However,
the cancer cells are recognized by the immune response
system.

A

Failure of the Immune Response Theory

40
Q

defines the initiation of a tumor

A

CARCINOGENESIS

41
Q

maintenance and subsequent evolution.

A

ONCOGENESIS

42
Q

TX:

A

The primary tumor cannot be evaluated.

43
Q

T0 (T zero):

A

no evidence of cancer in the colon or rectum.

44
Q

Tis:

A

Refers to carcinoma in situ (cancer in situ).

45
Q

T1

A

<2 cm

46
Q

T2

A

2-4cm

47
Q

T3

A

> 4cm

48
Q

T4

A

> 4 cm, involved muscles, base of tongue or skin

49
Q

N

A

(regional Lymph Node)

50
Q

*Nx

A

cannot be assessed clinically

51
Q

*NO –

A

no evidence of regular node metastasis

52
Q

N1

A

Single, ipsilateral <3 cm

53
Q

N2A

A

single, ipsilateral 3-6 cm

54
Q

Multiple ipsilateral <6cm

A

N2B

55
Q

N3

A

Massive ipsilateral, bilateral, contralateral

56
Q

N3A

A

Ipsilateral nodes, one more than 6fcm

57
Q

N3B

A

bilateral

58
Q

N3C

A

contralateral

59
Q

MX:

A

: Metastasis cannot be
measured.

60
Q

M0

A

Cancer has not spread to
other parts of the body.

61
Q

Cancer has spread to other
parts of the body.

A

M1:

62
Q

Types of Metastasis (3)

A

Extension & Invasion
1. Lymphatic Spread
2. Seeding of body cavities & surfaces
3. Hematogenous spread

63
Q

0

A

benign state

64
Q

l

A

spread to nearby tissue

65
Q

ii

A

2-5 cm sometimes involve lymph

66
Q

III

A

more than 5 cm spread
(advanced spread to connective tissue)

67
Q

Mestastasis

A

IV

68
Q

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS (Carcinogens) 5
VCPHG

A

1.Viruses
2.Chemical carcinogens
3.Physical agents
4.Hormones
5.Genetics

69
Q

induces pulmonary and pleural mesotheliomas in miners and industrial workers

A

Asbestos

70
Q

WARNING SIGNAL OF CANCER
CAUTION

A

C- change in bladder and bowel habits
* A- a sore that does not heal
* U- unusual bleeding or discharges
* T- thickening or lump in the breast
* I - Indigestion and difficulty in swallowing
* O - overt changes in wart or mole
* N- nagging cough and hoarseness of voice

MEDSURG 112 Prelim (9 decks)

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