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MEDSURG 112 Prelim > Cardiovascular Week 4 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

is an infection that develops in the pleural space

A

Empyema

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2
Q

when excess blood builds üp in the chest cavity, usually due to an injury, tumor, or bleeding disorde

A

Hemothorax

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3
Q

GOLD stands for?

A

Global initiative for Chronic obstructive lung disease

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4
Q

usually associated with a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries (atherosclerosis) and an increased risk of blood clots

A

Coronary artery disease

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5
Q

Other names for CAD

A

Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (ASHD)
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)

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6
Q

top three causes of death

A

ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and COVID-19 virus identified.

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7
Q

damages the inner layer of blood vessels, makes clots and promotes
plaque build up

A

Homocysteine

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8
Q

has a protective effect over development of coronary heart disease.

A

HDL (High density lipoprotein

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9
Q

The risk of developing CAD is _____ times higher among smokers.

A

2-6

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10
Q

High levels of ________________ are associated with an increased risk of CAD.

A

fibrinogen and coagulation factor VII

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11
Q

Injury on smooth muscle cells
Accumulation of macrophages and T-cells
Attracts lipid to deposit
Streaks of fat develop.

A

Fatty streak

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12
Q

The severe chest pain which is a symptom of coronary artery disease that develops when heart muscles undergo injury due to insufficient oxygen

A

Angina Pectoris

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13
Q

heart muscles undergo injury due to insufficient oxygen

A

(ischemia)

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14
Q

irreversible necrosis of heart muscle secondary to prolonged ischemia.

A

Myocardial infarction

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15
Q

“Effort” angina
The chest pain comes about with physical activity, stress, cold temperatures and overeating.

A

Stable angina

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16
Q

Stable angina , pain lasts for?

A

3-5 minutes

17
Q

“Worsening” Angina
Caused by a blood clot suddenly blocks an already narrowed coronary artery.

A

Unstable angina

18
Q

Prinzmetal Angina
Occurs when the muscles in the coronary artery walls go into spasm suddenly narrowing the artery.

A

Variant angina

19
Q

Common at night or early morning
More common in woman and smokers
what angina

A

Variant angina

20
Q

angina that is NOT relieved by rest & or nitroglycerin.

A

Unstable angina

21
Q

help to stabilize the fatty, hardened parts of the arteries, known as plaques.

A

Statins

22
Q

More severe cases to be managed with

A

MEDICATIONS
Nitrates
Aspirin
Anti-hypertensives
Cholesterol-lowering drugs

23
Q

where a thin tube is inserted into the coronary artery and a balloon is inflated to widen the artery.

A

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

24
Q

The patient’s vital signs may demonstrate:
in MI

A

Tachycardia
Irregular pulse, V tach, A fib or A flutter, supraventricular arrhythmias; bradyarrhythmias

25
Q

Often called congestive heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF)

A

Acute heart failure

26
Q

Acute heart failure in left sided

A

laterally displaced apex beat (if enlarged heart)
and gallop rhythm

27
Q

rapid filling gallop occurs when there is an imbalance between the wave of rapid ventricular

A

gallop rhythm

28
Q

Acute heart failure
right sided

A

Ascites, and hepatomegaly.
Parasternal heave
Pitting peripheral edema or anasarca (swelling of foot and or sacral edema)

29
Q

life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrate for aerobic cellular respiration.

A

schock

30
Q

state of decreased blood volume; more specifically, decrease in volume of blood plasma.

A

Hypovolemic shock

31
Q

more than 15% blood volume loss (750 mL)
Compensated by constriction of vascular bed
No apparent S/S
Pallor of the skin
what stage?

A

1

32
Q

30-40% blood volume loss (1.5-2 L)
“Systolic BP falls to 100mmHg or less (Classic signs of hypovolemic shock)
Marked tachycardia >120 bpm
Marked tachypnea > 30 cpm
Alteration in mental status (confusion, anxiety, agitation)
Sweating with cool, pale skin
Delayed capillary refill
Urine output of approximately 20 milliliters /hour

WHAT STAGE

A

3

33
Q

Loss greater than 40% (>2L)
Extreme tachycardia (>140) with weak pulse
Pronounced tachypnea
Significantly decreased systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg or less

WHAT STAGE

A

4

34
Q

Hospital treatment for hypovolemic shock

A

BT with Fresh frozen plasma/whole blood

35
Q

is the treatment of choice for STEMI.

A

ercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

36
Q

What is (CABG)

A

Coronary artery bypass grafting

37
Q

(frequent nighttime urination) a symptom of right sided acute heart failure

A

Nocturia

MEDSURG 112 Prelim (9 decks)

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