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SOM 204: GROWTH, REPRODUCTION AND ENDOCRINE GLANDS > WEEK 1:PANCREAS (ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE PANCREAS) > Flashcards

WEEK 1:PANCREAS (ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE PANCREAS) Flashcards

1
Q

State the structures found in the exocrine pancreas

A

*Acini, centroacinar cell and the duct system

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2
Q

State the components of the duct system of the exocrine pancreas

A

*intercalated duct, intra lobular duct, interlobular duct and pancreatic duct

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3
Q

What is the function of the thin connective tissue in the exocrine pancreas?

A
  • it contains blood supply, venous drainage and lymphatic supply
  • it divides to form septa that divides the pancreas into lobules
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4
Q

What is the percentage proportion of the exorine to endocrine parts of the pancreas?

A

99:1

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5
Q

State the enteroendocrine cells found within the islets of langerhans and their functions

A
  • Alpha cell: produce glucagon
    *Beta cells: produce insulin
    *Delta cells/ gamma cells: produce somatostatin
    *PP cells: produce pancreatic polypeptide
    *Epsilon: Produce Ghrelin
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6
Q

Describe the arrangement of cells in the islet of langerhans

A

They are arranged in curvilinear cords

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7
Q

Name the enteroendocrine cells of the islets of langerhans which are mostly located in the inner and those which are located more peripherally

A

INNER: Beta cells
PERIPHERALLY: Alpha cells

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8
Q

What is the other name for Pancreatic Polypeptide cells?

A

F cells

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9
Q

State the % composition of alpha, beta and delta cells in the islet of langerhans

A

beta:60%, alpha:30%, delta:10%

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10
Q

Which part of the exocrine pancreas represents the initial portion of the excurrent duct that extends up into the acinus?

A

centroacinar cells

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11
Q

Why does the endocrine pancreas has a dense supply network of blood within it?

A

It produces hormones which are transported by blood

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12
Q

Describe the arterial blood supply to the pancreas.

A

*Abdominal aorta branches into the superior mesentric artery which branches into the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery which has an anterior and posterior branches

*The celiac trunk branches into the common hepatic artery which give the gastroduodenal artery that branches into superior pancreaticoduodenal artery that has anterior and posterior branches

*The dorsal pancreatic artery gives rise to the inferior pancreatic artery which anastomoses with the GREATER PANCREATIC ARTERY, a branch from the splenic artery and the ARTERY TO THRE TAIL OF PANCREAS which is a branch of the inferior trunk of the splenic artery.

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13
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the pancreas

A

*Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal veins drains into superior pancreaticoduodenal vein which drains directly into the portal vein
*Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins drains into the inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein which drain into the SMV which drains into the portal vein
*Splenic vein receives from the pancreatic veins

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14
Q

Which vertebral position is the pancreas located?

A

L1 and L2

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15
Q

State the 4 parts of the pancreas

A

Head, neck, body and tail

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16
Q

Name the two ducts of the exocrine pancreas

A

*Duct of Wirsung (major pancreatic duct)
*Duct of Santorini (minor pancreatic duct)

17
Q

What is the name of the sphincter formed at the ampula of vater?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

17
Q

What two structures join to form ampulla of vater?

A

Duct of Wirsung and the bile duct

18
Q

What structure is found on the inferior part of the head of pancreas? (attached to it)

A

Uncinate process

19
Q

State the anatomical relations to the pancreas

A

*Anterior

Stomach, lesser sac (omental bursa), transverse mesocolon, superior mesenteric artery

*Posterior

Aorta, inferior vena cava, rightrenal artery, right and leftrenal veins, superior mesenteric vessels, splenic vein, hepatic portal vein, left kidney, left suprarenal gland

*Superior

Splenic artery

*Lateral

Spleen

*Medial

Duodenum (descending and horizontal parts)

20
Q

In what quadrant is the pancreas found?

A

LEFT UPPER QUADRANT
*The left upper quadrant is the location of the left portion of the liver, the larger portion of the stomach, the pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of the transverse and descending colon, and parts of the small intestine

21
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the pancreas (According to parts)

A

HEAD: Superior pancreaticoduodenal LN
NECK; superior mesentric LN
BODY: Left gasric LN
TAIL: Pancreaticosplenic LN

22
Q

What types are all hormones produced by the endocrine pancreas?

A

Peptide hormones

23
Q

Briefly describe the embryology of the pancreas

A

A pancreas is formed from two buds, dorsal and ventral, originating from the endodermal lining of the duodenum.

Whereas the dorsal pancreatic bud is in the dorsal mesentery, the ventral pancreatic bud is close to the bile duct.
When the duodenum rotates, to the right and becomes C shaped, the ventral pancreatic bud moves dorsally in a manner similar to the shifting of the entrance of the bile duct.
Finally, the ventral bud comes to lie immediately below and behind the dorsal bud.

Later,the parenchyma and the duct systems of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fuse

The ventral bud forms the uncinate process and inferior part of the head of the pancreas.The remaining part of the gland is derived from the dorsal bud.

The main pancreatic duct is formed by the distal part of the dorsal pancreatic duct and the entire ventral pancreatic duct

The proximal part of the dorsal pancreatic duct either is obliterated or persists as a small channel, the accessory pancreatic duct.The main pancreatic duct, together with the bile, enters the duodenum at the site of the major papilla; the entrance of the accessory duct is at the minor papillae

24
Q

Which duct open into the major papillae?

A

Duct of Wirsung

25
Q

Which duct drains into the minor papillae?

A

Duct of Santorini

26
Q

State the 4 embryological parts that make up the duct of Wirsung

A

Distal part of the Dorsal pancreatic bud
Oblique communication between the two buds
Proximal part of the Ventral pancreatic duct
Portion entering into the major papillae

27
Q

Which bud is on the superior and Inferior on the final 180 degree rotation?

A

Superior: dorsal
Inferior: ventral

28
Q

What embryological part forms the uncinate process?

A

Ventral pancreatic bud

29
Q

What embryological part forms the duct of Santorini?

A

Proximal part of the dorsal pancreatic bud

SOM 204: GROWTH, REPRODUCTION AND ENDOCRINE GLANDS (35 decks)

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