WEEK 1 LEC 12: NEITHER SEX OR GENDER IS BINARY Flashcards
Identify with sex assigned at birth
Cis gender
Do not Identify with sex assigned at birth
Trans gender
gender identity is established at age?
3 years
Expression of gender through clothing, behavior, language, and other outward signs
Gender expression
Is influenced by genitals, chromosome, gonads, and
hormones all playing a role
biological sex
Is a deeply felt sense of being a man, a woman, or a gender that is both, fluid or neither.
Gender identity
Gender identity splits into what 3 catagories
- women
- Non-binary
- Men
Biological sex split into what 3 categories
- Female
- Intersex
- Male
Gender expression splits into 3 categories
- Feminine
- Androgynous
- Masculine
Intersex, which is failure of female or male gonads to develop after u have well presented with either XX or XY chromosomes is due to______
Dysfunctional SRY gene or absence of the gene
*It’s a gene responsible for development of gonads aligning with your sex chromosomes.
A disorder that results when an XY embryo hardly responds at all to its male hormones, and does not develop male genitalia, looking
female.
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)
The children of Dominican republic
Born looking like girls, who
develop into boys at puberty because of an inherited enzyme deficiency
DSD
Differences of Sexual Development
The first team to do the genitalia correctional surgeries to intersex infants
Team at John Hopkins university
*After 1930s
A psychologist John Money’s words in theconcept of assigning gender to the intersex
“as long as you assign a gender to a child, do what you can to make the genitalia align with the assigned gender, you can
nurture any child into either gender”
In this model, parents and caregivers typically avoid reinforcing gender stereotypes in their interactions with children, such as by providing a wide range of toys, activities, and opportunities that are not restricted by traditional gender roles. They may also encourage open communication and acceptance of diverse gender identities and expressions.
“Optimum gender of rearing” models
A model in support of that: children are born with a relatively neutral gender identity, and that their gender development is influenced primarily by socialization and environmental factors rather than solely by biological determinants.
Optimum gender of rearing models
Short comings of intersex surgeries, or their negative impact on the intersex
They cause:
- Lack of sexual sensation
- difficulty in urinating
- effective sterilization
- pain
Motivation which was in support of intersex surgery
It was in best interest of child to be raised as a fairly
typical boy/girl rather than as some kind of oddity (strangeness)
Concealment of intersex surgeries of the child was done to?
Concealment was done to avoid discomfort of talking about these things, and to
avoid embarrassment
Making all the decisions for the people you govern, employ, or are responsible for, so that they cannot or do not have to make their own decisions.
Paternalism
*It’s not nice. It’s snatches autonomy of individuals involved
ISNA (Intersex Society of North America) Patient-Centered Model
Is an approach to healthcare and advocacy that prioritizes the needs, experiences, and autonomy of intersex individuals.
“Chicago Consensus Model”
was first proposed at a conference of ‘‘Pediatric Endocrine Society’’ and the ‘‘European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology’’ in 2005.
Ethical Issues affecting both transgender and intersex persons
- Legal status
- Access to sex reassignment surgery in SA (SRS)-only 2 public hospitals in SA perform these surgeries and they’re expensive. Putting the rich at an advantage than the poor.
- Ethical issues around age of transition
An act allowing South Africans to change their legal sex status
The Alteration of Sex Description and Sex Status Act, 2003 (Act 49 of 2003)
Age of consent to all medical treatment, except surgery in SA is____years
12
