W5 Lecture 2.0-Tumours and their classification

Question 1

What is a tumour?

Answer 1

Is a swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether
benign or malignant.

*is an abnormal mass of tissue that may be benign,
premalignant, or cancerous

Question 2

List 5 ways of tumour classifcation.

Answer 2

1. Anatomical site
2. Histogenic
3. Histologic
4. Behaviour
5. Aetiologic

Question 3

What can one learn from the anatomical element of tumour classification?

Answer 3

The anatomical site of a tumour eg. lung, colon, brain

Question 4

What can one learn from the histogenic element of tumour classification?

Answer 4

The cell types where the tumour originated eg.
-epithelial cells
-mesenchymal
-lymphoid
-haemopioetic

Question 5

What can one learn from the aetiological element of tumour classification?

Answer 5

• This element involves identifying the underlying causes or risk factors associated with tumor development.

This classification considers:
-environmental factors,
-genetic factors,
-viral infections,
-immune-related factors,
-and other exposures that may contribute to tumor initiation and progression

Question 6

What can one learn from the histologic element of tumour classification?

Answer 6

Histological classification involves examining the microscopic features of tumor cells under a microscope.

After learning about histiogenic (learning whether the tumour is epithelial or from connective tissue), u must learn the type of epithelial or connective tissue it falls under. That’s histiologic!

This classification considers:
-the appearance,
- organization,
-and characteristics of tumor cells,
-including their size,
-shape,
arrangement,
-and presence of specific cellular structures or markers.

Question 7

What can one learn from the behaviour element of tumour classification?

Answer 7

• U can learn whether the tumour is benign or malignant

Question 8

True or False: Tumours in the body occur either on epithelial cells or on connective tissue (mesenchymal)

Answer 8

True

Question 9

How to name a benign tumour occuring either epithelialy or mesenchymally (on connective tissue)

Answer 9

• U add a suffix -oma on the name of tissue or the organ of orgin
  eg. cartilage tumour- chondroma

Question 10

Naming malignant tumours varies for both tumours occcuring epithelially and mesenchymally. This variation is seen in the suffixes.

What is the correct suffix for malignant tumour occuring on the epithelium tissue? And the suffix of the malignancy in the mesenchymal tissues (connective tissue)?

Answer 10

Epithelium occuring carcinomas: end with -carcinoma

Mesenchymal occuring carcinomas end with -sarcoma

Question 11

Examples of benign tumours occuring on epithelial tissue.

Answer 11

• Adenoma – epithelial lesion
  producing gland pattern
• Papilloma – macroscopic or
  microscopic finger-like fronds
• Polyp – mass that projects above a
  mucosal surface that is seen
  macroscopically
• Cystadenomas – hallow cystic mass
  lined by epithelium

Question 12

What are the tissues or organs classifying as mesenchymal/ connective tissues?

*(benign tumour)

Answer 12

• Fibrous tissue
• Cartilaginous tumour
• Skeletal muscle
• Smooth muscle