Week 1: Intro to Pathology Flashcards
Monoclonal origin
Cancers come from just one mutated cell
Pathology
The study of diseases that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function of various organ systems
Disease
The pattern of the body’s response to some form of injury that causes a deviation from or variation of normal conditions
Edema
Accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities
Localized Edema
Inflammatory reaction, or local obstruction of lymphatic drainage
Generalized Edema
Pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body (anasarca), from congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or renal disease (usually seen independent parts of body (ankles, legs if ambulatory; lower back/sacral area, lungs if non-ambulatory
Ischemia
Interference with blood supply and depriving cells and tissues of oxygen. Narrowed arteries such as with atherosclerosis, thrombotic or embolic occlusion. May be minimal effect or death. Collateral arteries may develop to replace blocked ones
Infarction
Localized area of ischemic necrosis (dead tissue) within tissue or organ from occlusion of arterial supply or venous drainage, usually thrombotic or embolic occlusion (sometimes volvulus = twisting). Eg, myocardial or pulmonary infarct. May cause gangrene
Hemorrhage
Rupture of blood vessel, bleeding from trauma or other causes. May be external. May be internal bleeding; hematoma = pool of often clotted blood formed inside a tissue, organ or space (ex. hemothorax, hemopericardium, ,hemarthrosis)
Petechiae
very minimal hemorrhages into skin, mucousmembranes, serosal surfaces
Purpura
slightly larger hemorrhages
Ecchymosis
large 1-2 cm subcutaneous hemorrhage or bruise
Atrophy
Reduction in size and /or number of cells in an organ or tissue, with corresponding decrease in function.
May be situational (ex. due to a cast) or pathological due to innervation, hormones, decreased blood supply
Hypoplasia
Failure of normal development with subsequent small size
Aplasia
Failure of organ or tissues to develop or function normally, or absence of organ/tissue