week 1: health and health promotion

Question 1

Definition of health

Answer 1

• state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. health is a connection between an individual and their environment.
• health is subjective-your view of health is different from others.

Question 2

Biomedical model

Answer 2

focus is treatment of disease, dominant perspective for many years.

Question 3

Behavioural model

Answer 3

views health as the product of making healthy lifestyle choices. focuses on prevention of disease and disability in people who are at risk because of their lifestyle or behavioural risk factors. (high fat diet, exercise)

Question 4

Socio environmental approach

Answer 4

views health as a product of both individual and social, economic and environmental determinants that address barriers, promote conditions toward health of individuals and communities.

Question 5

lifestyle approach described by Lalond report

Answer 5

focuses on prevention of disease and disability in people who were at risk because of their lifestyle or behavioral risk factors.
main determinant of health is individual behavior
1974 lalond report

Question 6

The ottawa charter, 1986

Answer 6

the ottawa charter goes beyond personal/lifestyle factors that influence health to include social, environmental and political influences on health which placed the responsibility for health on society

Question 7

Health promotion

Answer 7

Enabling or empowering people to increase control over, and improve their health

Question 8

Empowerment

Answer 8

actively engaging clients. not something that can be done to or for people

Question 9

Right to health
Canada health act (1984)-

Answer 9

All people are guaranteed access to health care regardless of employment, income or health

Question 10

underlying determinant of health care

Answer 10

underlying determinants: water, sanitation, food, nutrition, housing, healthy occupational and environmental conditions, education, information.

Question 11

Primary care

Answer 11

• focus on first point of contact with health care system
• focus on acute care and treatment
• current funding systems favour this model- the first point of care is the physician, however this is a costly system.

Question 12

primary health care

Answer 12

• primary health care is both a health care philosophy and a model for health care reform.
• health promotion is considered a part of both primary care and primary health care.
• the focus of health promotion in primary care is the prevention of illness and the early discrimination and treatment of disease, whereas health promotion in primary health care is social movement that realigns resources to address the determinants of health for all.

Question 13

Epp’s report (1986)- identifies 3 major health challenges

Answer 13

• reducing inequities
• increasing prevention, and enhancing coping mechanisms
• the report acknowledged disparities in health, between low and high income, and living and working conditions were critical determinants of health.