Week 1 Day 3

Question 1

Newton’s Laws

Answer 1

1. An object in motion stays in motion (or rest) until acted upon by external force
2. F= m*a
3. for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction (picture the gun or cannon with recoil)

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

(kg)

m = F/a

amount of an object = resistance to acceleration

Question 3

Velocity

Answer 3

(m/sec)

v = Âx/Ât

change in location per time

Question 4

Acceleration

Answer 4

(m/sec²)

a = Âv/Ât

change in velocity per time

Question 5

Force

Answer 5

(kg*m/sec²)

F = m * a

Push or pull needed to accelerate a mas

Question 6

Scaler

Answer 6

has magnitude and units, no direction

distance, speed, mass

Question 7

vectors

Answer 7

magnitude, units, and direction

displacement, velocity, weight

Question 8

Stron nuclear force

Answer 8

(strongest force)

holds protons and neutrons together in nucleus

Question 9

electromagnetic force

Answer 9

holds electrons in atoms, tries to force protons apart

Question 10

gravitational force

Answer 10

(weakest)

holds earth in suns orbit and us from floating away

Question 11

Gravity

Answer 11

All matter is attracted to all other matter with the force:

F = G * m₁ * m₂ /r²

G is the gravitational constant (a universal value)

m₁ and m₂ are the masses of the two objects

r is the distance between them.

Question 12

g

Answer 12

≈9.8 m/sec²

Question 13

weight

Answer 13

W = m * g

Question 14

Density

Answer 14

mass/volume

1 ml water has mass of 1 g so the density of water is 1 g/ml

Question 15

specific gravity

Answer 15

the density of a substance divided by the density of water (1g/ml)

-unitless

Question 16

Pressure

Answer 16

P = F/ area

ex. pounds per square inch (PSI)

Question 17

Barometer

Answer 17

Compares atmospheric pressure to a vacuum

P_atm = p * g * h

p = density of the liquid

Question 18

Manometer

Answer 18

compares atmospheric pressure to an unknown pressure

ÂP = p * g * Âh

Question 19

aneroid bellow gauge

Answer 19

Use expansion of bellows by pressure

Question 20

Bourdon Gauge

Answer 20

Use coiled tube that “straightens” in response to pressure

Question 21

work

Answer 21

(joule) kg*m²*sec²

the result of a force acting through a distance

*if you push something (against a force) and it moves.

W = F(N) * d (m)

F= applied force

N= newtons

d= distance

m= meters

Question 22

Joule

Answer 22

N*m

or

kg * m²/sec²

measure of work

Question 23

Kinetic energy

Answer 23

energy a mass has because it is in motion.

Question 24

Potential energy

Answer 24

energy stored because of its position

Question 25

Internal energy

Answer 25

KE + PE of molecules

ÂU=Q+W

Question 26

Calorie

Answer 26

unit of Energy

1 calorie = the energy needed to increase temp of 1 g of H₂O 1°C

Question 27

Power

Answer 27

Watt or J/sec

the rate of work

work/time

Question 28

Law of thermodynamics

Answer 28

0) two systems are in thermal equilibrium if they have the same temperature
1) ÂU = Q + W, change in internal energy = energy put into system = work done on the system
2) Heat flows from hot to cold
3) Its not possible to reach absolute zero

Question 29

ÂU

Answer 29

change in internal energy

Question 30

Q

Answer 30

energy put into the system

Question 31

W

Answer 31

work done on the system

Question 32

endothermic process

Answer 32

Q > O

energy flows into the system

(the system appears colder than environment)

Question 33

exothermic process

Answer 33

Q < O

energy flows out of the system

(system appears hotter than the environment)

Question 34

Work done by the system

Answer 34

W < O

expansion

*the pressure of the system pushes the plunger back up

Question 35

work done on the system

Answer 35

W > O

compression

(pushing plunger down)

Question 36

heat

Answer 36

energy that is transferred as result of temperature difference

*can be viewed as an energy flow or a process

Question 37

Watt

Answer 37

J/sec

kg*m²*sec³

measure of power

Question 38

Pascal

Answer 38

N/m²